Hepatitis

Question 1

HAV transmission

Answer 1

Fecal-oral

Person to person or consuming contaminated food or water

Question 2

Prevention Hep A and B

Answer 2

Vaccination most effective prevention

Question 3

HAV S&S

Answer 3

Starts with constitutional symptoms: n/v, malaise, fever, anorexia, diarrhea, myalgia

Following constitutional s&s: jaundice, dark-colored urine, light-colored stool, abd tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

Question 4

Tx HAV

Answer 4

Self limiting virus

Supportive tx

Question 5

HBV Transmission

Answer 5

Percutaneouus or mucosal contact with infected blood or body fluids
Sexual contact
Sharing needles
Birth to an infected mother
Contact with blood or open sores of infected person
Needle stick from infected person
Sharing razors, toothbrushes, etc with infected person

Question 6

HBV Risk Factors

Answer 6

Being born to an infected mother
Having infected sex partners
Sexually active persons not in long-term, mutually monogamous relationship
Men having sex with men
Injection drug users
Household contacts of an infected person
Healthcare workers
HD pts

Question 7

HBV S&S

Answer 7

Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Clay-colored bowel movements
Joint pain
Jaundice

Question 8

HBV Acute vs Chronic

Answer 8

Can be acute or chronic
Acute can last up to 6 months
Risk for becoming chronic depends on age at infection, younger children at greatest risk

Question 9

HBV Tx

Answer 9

Supportive

Question 10

HVC Transmission

Answer 10

Primarily through repeated percutaneous exposures to infectious blood:
Injection drug use (currently the most common means of HCV transmission in the United States)
Receipt of donated blood, blood products, and organs (once a common means of transmission but now rare in the United States since blood screening became available in 1992)
Needlestick injuries in health care settings
Birth to an HCV-infected mother

Can also infrequently be transmitted through:
Sex with an HCV-infected person (an inefficient means of transmission)
Sharing personal items contaminated with infectious blood, such as razors or toothbrushes (also inefficient vectors of transmission)
Other health care procedures that involve invasive procedures, such as injections (usually recognized in the context of outbreaks)

Question 11

HCV S&S

Answer 11

Usually asymptomatic or mild but other symptoms can occur
Fever
Fatigue
Dark urine
Clay-colored stool
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Joint pain
Jaundice

Question 12

HCV Tx

Answer 12

boceprevir (Victrelis™) and telaprevir (Incivek™) (both protease inhibitors)
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi™) is a nucleotide analogue inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus
and Simeprevir (Olysio™) is a protease inhibitor that blocks a specific protein needed by the hepatitis C virus to replicate

Question 13

Conditions that can occur d/t HCV

Answer 13

Diabetes mellitus, which occurs three times more frequently in HCV-infected persons
Glomerulonephritis, a type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the kidney
Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, a condition involving the presence of abnormal proteins in the blood
Porphyria cutanea tarda, an abnormality in heme production that causes skin fragility and blistering
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma, which might occur somewhat more frequently in HCV-infected persons