Hepatitis Flashcards
Many hepatitis cases are _____.
asymptomatic
Hepatitis incubation phase _____.
varies
Hepatitis acute phase lasts how long?
1-4 months
Name the clinical manifestations of hepatitis.
Anorexia, N/V, weight loss, RUQ discomfort, malaise, hepatomegaly, jaundice, pruritus, and dark urine
For hepatitis, you may feel discomfort in which quadrant?
Right upper quadrant
The incubation phase of viral hepatitis is ____ or ____ and lasts __ to __ days.
abrupt or insidious
5 to 10 days
What are signs/symptoms of the incubation phase of viral hepatitis?
Flu-like symptoms (chills, fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, headache
N/V, diarrhea, or constipation
RUQ discomfort
The acute infection phase of viral hepatitis lasts __ to __ months.
1 to 4 months
What are the signs/symptoms of the acute infections phase of viral hepatitis?
Icteric or anicteric
Palpable, tender liver
Some flu-like symptoms continue
The convalescence phase (recover) of viral hepatitis has symptom recovery of ____ to ____ weeks and full recovery of __ to __ months.
2 to 3 weeks
2 to 4 months
What are the signs/symptoms of the convalescence (recovery) phase of viral hepatitis?
malaise and fatigue
Which type of hepatitis is the leading cause of liver cancer?
Hepatitis B (HBV)
Which type of hepatitis is the leading indication for liver transplant?
Hepatitis C (HCV)
What is the route of transmission of hepatitis A?
Fecal-oral (contaminated food/water)
What is the route of transmission of hepatitis B?
Infected blood, including high-risk behaviors, perinatal
The route of transmission of hepatitis C is similar to ____ _.
hepatitis B
What are the symptoms of Hep A?
usually mild; flu-like; less severe than HBV. It is self-limiting
What are the symptoms of Hep B?
More severe than HAV; clinical illness varies from asymptomatic to fulminant (severe liver disease)
What are the symptoms of Hep C?
Acute infection; usually asymptomatic or mild; infection rarely completely resolves (about 20%)
How do you prevent Hep A?
Hand hygiene
HepA vaccine;
Gamma-globulin injection following exposure
How do you prevent Hep B?
Good hygiene
Hep B vaccine;
Hepatitis B immune globulin within 7 days of exposure
How do you prevent Hep C?
Good hygiene, screening blood; otherwise none
True or False? There is a vaccine for Hepatitis C.
False. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. Only for A and B.
Chronic infection for HepA is ___, for HepB is ___, and for HepC is ___.
never
low (about 10%)
high (about 80%)
The incubation period for HepA is __ to __ weeks, for HepB is __ to __ months and for HepC is __ to __ weeks.
2-4 weeks
1-4 months
7-8 weeks
Another word for Jaundice is _____.
Icterus
Jaundice is a _____ not a _____.
symptom
disease
Jaundice is a yellow pigment of the ___, ___, and ___ ___ cause by an ____ of _____ in the blood.
sclera, skin, and hard palate
increase of bilirubin
With jaundice, what will the urine look like?
Dark brown or cola color because it is being excreted in the urine.
With obstructive jaundice, what will stool look like?
Clay-colored stool due to no bilirubin giving it its brown color.
True or False? Jaundice is present if serum bilirubin (total) is < 2.5ish.
False. Jaundice is present if serum bilirubin (total) is >2.5ish
What are 3 types of jaundice?
- Hemolytic
- Hepatocellular
- Obstructive
True or False? Hemolytic jaundice is an increase breakdown of RBCs.
True
What is happening to the liver when someone has hepatocellular jaundice?
The liver is unable to take up bilirubin from blood or unable to conjugate it.
What is obstructive jaundice?
Decreased or obstructed flow of bile. It can be intrahepatic or extrahepatic
Who is the HepA vaccine given to?
All children beginning at age 12 months
Special high-risk adult populations
What is the pre-exposure prophylaxis for HepA?
vaccine
What is the post-exposure prophylaxis for HepA?
vaccine “or” immune globulin for short-term protection (about 2 months)/give within 2 weeks of exposure (CDC)
The Hepatitis B vaccine is __ doses, separated by ____ _____.
3
several months
The hepatitis B vaccine is given to
All infants beginning as newborns
Special high-risk populations
Post-exposure prophylaxis for HepB is within ____ hrs. evidence has shown it doesn’t do any good after ___ days.
24 hours
7 days
What are some nursing teaching points about hepatitis for patients and family?
- Maintain sanitation; personal hygiene (wash hands after toileting).
- Drink water treated by water purification system.
- If traveling to underdeveloped country, drink bottled water only. Avoid food washed in tap water; avoid ice.
- Don’t share bed linens, eating utensils, or drinking glasses
- Do not share needles for injection, body piercing or tattooing
- Don’t share razors, nail clipper, toothbrushes
- Use condom during sexual activity (or abstain)
- Cover cuts/sores with bandage
- If infected, never donate blood, body organs or other body tissues
When managing hepatitis at home, there is an emphasis put on ___.
rest
True or False? Hepatitis patients need to have a low sodium diet.
False. When it comes to nutrition for hepatitis patients, there is no special diet.
Patients need a well-balanced, adequate calorie diet.
If fat content not tolerated (due to decreased bile production), decreased fat
Vitamin supplements, esp. B-complex and Vitamin K
Degree of rest for hepatitis patients is determined by ____ of ____.
severity of symptoms
For hepatitis patients ____ rest is just as important as physical rest.
emotional
If a hepatitis patient has pruritis, the nurse should what?
relieve symptoms by giving an antihistamine
A hepatitis patient should not use ____ or _____ ___ and may need counseling.
ETOH or hepatotoxic drugs
Drug therapy?
HepA =?
HepB = ?
HepC =?
HepA = no HepB = only if severe w/ liver failure (must genotype) HepC = only if chronic disease (must genotype)
