Hepatic/Endocrine Flashcards
Spider __________ are lesions with a red center and numerous extensions that spread out like a spider web are an _______finding for a client who has cirrhosis. ______ colored stools, and dark colored, foamy urine are also expected findings for a client who has cirrhosis.
angiomas, expected, clay
Frequent nosebleeds are a manifestation of cirrhosis since __________ defects are a common complication of cirrhosis.
coagulation
With end-stage cirrhosis of the liver, ammonia levels ____ and can cause encephalopathy. Lactulose is used to promote excretion of ammonia from the body through the ______. Lactulose should not be suspended due to diarrhea since ammonia levels will _______. Lactulose, a disaccharide, is a sugar that works as an ________diuretic. It prevents absorption of _______ in the colon. Accumulation of ________ in the bloodstream, which occurs in pathologic conditions of the liver, such as cirrhosis, may affect the central nervous system, causing hepatic encephalopathy or coma.
rise, stool, increase, osmotic, ammonia, ammonia
With hepatitis B, _________ activity is usually recommended until the symptoms of hepatitis have subsided. The nurse should recommend the client rest frequently throughout the day to reduce the metabolic demands upon the liver and __________ energy demands.
limiting, decrease
Effective _______ _________—along with immunization, sewer sanitation, and a safe water supply—are the most effective strategies for preventing the transmission of hepatitis A. The hepatitis A virus can be left on food from unclean hands of food handlers. The client can help prevent transmission to others by performing careful ________ after toileting and by thoroughly washing the food. Isolation is not ___________.
hand hygiene, handwashing, required
Hepatitis C is a blood-borne pathogen that is commonly spread by ______ _____ injury, sharing of IV drug paraphernalia and sexual contact. The nurse should implement _________ precautions when in contact with blood, body fluids (except sweat), broken skin, and mucous membranes.
The nurse should wear additional personal protective equipment if there is possible _____ contact or a risk for splashes or sprays of _____or body fluids.
needle-stick, standard, blood, blood
Prolonged ________ of the common bile duct is the most common cause of biliary cirrhosis.
obstruction
A manifestation of advanced cirrhosis is petechiae due to impaired ________ from a dysfunctional liver.
coagulation
Addison’s disease is an endocrine disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone __________, and in some cases, the hormone aldosterone. The disease is characterized by weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation (__________) of the skin in both exposed and non-exposed parts of the body.
cortisol, browning/darkening
With the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), nurses can expect _______natremia, significant _________ in urine output, weight _____, and loss of thirst.
hyper-, decrease, gain
Some of the treatment options for small cell lung cancer can cause __________ of antidiuretic hormone. This results in the body _________ water and can cause the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
secretion, retaining
The TSH test helps determine __________ status (whether it is overactive, underactive, or normal and helps monitor the effectiveness and dosage of thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
thyroid
In hypothyroidism, the nonfunctioning thyroid gland is unable to respond to the TSH, and no endogenous thyroid hormones are __________. This results in an ________ of the TSH level as the anterior pituitary continues to release the TSH to stimulate the thyroid gland. Administration of exogenous thyroid hormones, such as levothyroxine, turns off this feedback loop, which results in a _________ level of TSH.
released, increase, decreased
When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care for a client post thyroidectomy, the nurse should determine it is the priority to monitor the client’s _________. Nerve damage, hypocalcemia induced tetany, and edema can all impair the _______ following thyroidectomy.
airway, airway
The nurse should expect a TSH level _______ the expected reference range in a client who has Graves’ disease.
below
The client who has an acute _________ of levothyroxine will exhibit heat intolerance, _________, and hyperthermia. These manifestations are indications of excessive levels of thyroid hormone that could lead to death.
overdose, sweating
When caring for a client with Diabetes Insipidus, the nurse should check the client’s urine specific gravity to monitor _______ concentration and ________ fluids. A client who has diabetes insipidus has a urine specific gravity of _____than 1.005, _______ peripheral pulses, tachycardia, and ____ mucous membranes due to dehydration.
urine, increased, less, weak, dry
The major manifestations of diabetes insipidus are _________ urination and extreme thirst. Vasopressin is used to control frequent urination, increased thirst, and loss of water associated with diabetes insipidus. A _________ urine output is the desired response.
excessive, decreased
Common manifestations of Cushing’s Syndrome include alopecia, ____ face, purple _________, and __________ hump.
moon, striae, buffalo
Clients with Cushing’s disease can take Calcium and vitamin D supplements that will help to reduce the ____ of pathological fractures.
risk
Addison’s disease is an endocrine disorder that causes weight ____, muscle weakness, fatigue, ___ blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation (darkening) of the skin. Obtaining the client’s daily _________ will alert the nurse that dehydration is developing, which could indicate an impending crisis.
weight will alert the nurse that dehydration is developing, which could indicate an impending crisis.
loss, low, weight
Addison’s disease is caused by a ____ of production of the adrenocorticotropic hormones (cortisol and aldosterone) by the adrenal gland.
decreased/lack
Clients who have SIADH have an increased amount of antidiuretic hormones, which results in ________ fluid volume. This excess fluid dilutes the sodium level in the blood, causing dilutional hyponatremia. Oral fluids are ________ to restore the fluid balance and the sodium level in the blood. The nurse should offer this client _______ oral care to prevent discomfort and breakdown of the oral mucosa.
increased, restricted, frequent
A water deprivation test measures the ability of the kidneys to concentrate _________ in the environment of high plasma osmolality and low ADH.
urine
