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BDS2 Infection and Immunity > Hep B&C and HIV > Flashcards

Hep B&C and HIV Flashcards

1
Q

what hepatitis viruses are transmitted via the faecal-oral route?

A
  • hep A

- hep E

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2
Q

what type of viruses are Hep B & C?

A

blood borne viruses

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3
Q

what type of virus is Hep D? what makes it different?

A
  • blood borne virus

- can only become infected if you are infected with Hep B first

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4
Q

what is the meaning of parenteral?

A

transmitted outwith the gastrointestinal system (via blood to blood contact)

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5
Q

what particles are found in the blood of someone who has Hepatitis B?

A
  • the Dane particle
  • spherical particles
  • filamentous forms
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6
Q

what is the infectious particle for hep B?

A

the Dane particle

  • largest particle
  • comprises of the complete viron
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7
Q

what is the structure of the Hep B viron like?

A
  • double shelled structure

- the outer HBsAg coat (outer antigen) surrounds the central HBcAg (core antigen), DNA and DNA polymerase

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8
Q

is Hep B a DNA or RNA virus?

A

DNA virus!

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9
Q

what is known as the ‘early antigen’ in reference to Hep B?

A

the hepatitis E antigen

  • found near surface
  • detected early in blood
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10
Q

if blood is spilled, how long can HBV survive for in dried blood?

A

1 week (or more)

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11
Q

what people are more susceptible to developing Hep B virus?

A
  • IV drug users
  • sexually active people
  • haemodialysis patients
  • sharps injury sufferers
  • infants born to infected mothers
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12
Q

what is the typical incubation period of Hepatitis B?

A

2-3 months

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13
Q

if you are testing for Hepatitis B in a patient who has been recently infected, what would the test show?

A

positive for IgM core antibodies

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14
Q

if you are testing for Hep B in a patient who is suffering from chronic infection, what would results show?

A

positive for IgG core antibodies

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15
Q

if you are testing for Hep B in a patient who has been previously infected, what would the test show?

A

positive for both core and surface antibodies (immune)

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16
Q

if you are testing for Hep B in a patient who has been vaccinated against the disease, what would the test show?

A

positive for surface antigen (not core antigen)

17
Q

what does the Hep B vaccine contain?

A

hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide adjuvant

18
Q

how is the Hep B vaccination administered?

A
  • intramuscular

- three doses given (time zero, one month, 6 months)

19
Q

what would you do if you have been exposed to Hep B and have not been vaccinated against it?

A

post exposure prophylaxis (as soon as possible after exposure)

20
Q

what are the most common treatments for Hep B?

A
  • nucleotide analogues

- oral nucleoside analogues

21
Q

what are the chances of infection of Hepatitis B for a non-immune individual following a needle stick injury?

A

1 in 3

22
Q

what is the chance of infection of Hepatitis C for a non-immune individual following a needle stick injury?

A

1 in 30

23
Q

what is the chance of infection of HIV for a non-immune individual following a needle stick injury?

A

1 in 300

24
Q

what is the structure of the Hepatitis C virus?

A

enveloped, single stranded RNA virus

25
Q

what tests are done to look for Hep C infection?

A
  • Anti-HCV test
  • HCV-RNA test
  • Viral load/Quantitative HCV test
  • Viral genotyping
26
Q

what blood borne virus has a vaccine?

A

only Hep B

27
Q

what is the structure of the HIV virus?

A

HIV contains a single stranded RNA and has an envelope of lipid and viral proteins

28
Q

how is HIV killed?

A
  • easily killed by heat

- doesn’t survive long outside of body

29
Q

what is the clinical course of HIV once infected?

A
  • HIV results in destruction of CD4 T cells (helper T lymphocytes)
30
Q

what tests are used to detect HIV infection?

A
  • ELISA antibody test
  • blood radioimmunoassay
  • blood immunofluorescence
31
Q

if untreated, what is the survival rate of someone infected with HIV?

A

1 year

32
Q

what treatments are used for HIV?

A

anti-retroviral drugs:

  • NRTIs
  • NNRTIs
  • PI (protein inhibitors)
  • FI (fusion inhibitors)

BDS2 Infection and Immunity (8 decks)

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