HEP B and C Flashcards
what is hepatitis?
how is hep B transmitted and incubation time?
how is hep C transmitted and incubation time?
can these cause chronic illness?
what is the difference in structure of the microbes between Hep B and C?
inflammtion of the liver - the virus specifically replicates in the hepatocytes and destroys them
blood, sex ,vertical - 6weeks - 6 months!!
blood, sex - 6 weeks - 12 weeks
yes
B= double stranded DNA
C =single stranded RNA
both enveloped
when bilirubin is high what should you test for to determine the cause?
ALT and AST
ALP
Hb
high bilirubin indicates something wrong with liver but might be intra or pre or post hepatic jaundice
- test for liver function - high when there is a problem with liver (intrapeatic) (in hepatitis)- can be in 1000s
- alkaline phosphate rise would indicate post hepatic cause of high billirubin
- low Hb = prehepatic due to over functioning RES haemolysis
what other tests can you do to test liver ?
albumin
coagulation: clottinh factors made in liver, prothrombin time (PT)
how is Hep B mainly transmitted?
symptoms of acute Hep B?
how long does the infection last?
when is ot more likely to be chronic ?
vertical, sex, injecting drugs, close contact, needlestick HCW
jaundice, fatigue, abdo pain, vom, anorexia, joint pain
50% have no symptoms
usually cleared in 6 months naturally
in children
hep B serology
what antigen is present first?
next antigen?
what is the first antibody to appear?
second antibody?
third antibody?
last antibody?
surface antigen (HBsAg)
e -antigen (HBeAg) -highly infectious
igM core antibody
e-antibody
surface antibody - idicates clearence of virus
IgG - lasts for life
what is the definition of chronic Hep B infection?
how many of these will get cirrhosis?
carcinoma?
what is the treatment for chronic Hep B?
persistance of HBsAg after 6months
25%
5%
no cure
need anti virals for whole life
some people dont need antivirals as infection is inactive (lowVL)
what does the vaccine for Hep B act on?
how many doses needed?
what response in s antibodies is needed for adequate and long term protection
surface antigens
3
10 = adequate
100 = long term
who is most at risk of hetting Hep C?
intravenous drug users
sexual contact
infants born from Hep C mothers
blood transusions before 1991 (before hep c screening)
HCW - needles stick
do most people with Hep C become chronically infected?
do most peole get symptoms?
what symptoms do people get?
yes - 80%:(( - only some of these will get liver disease
no! - 80% asymptomatic
vauge symptoms include: fatugue, anorexia, nausea, abdo pain
what blood tests can you do for Hep C?
can you get Hep C again?
treatment?
anti Hep C antibody +ive = has/had infection
viral PCR +ive = has ongoing infection
yes - antibodies are not protective
can be cured! by antiviral drug combos , 8-12 weeeks of AV drugs -90% chance of cure
£££
but can get reinfected
what are the risks of transmission from needle stick?
HIV?
Hep C?
Hep B?
1/300
1/30
1/3
summary
