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HENT Flashcards

1
Q

Strabismus

A

Cross eyes

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2
Q

Peritonsillar abscess

A

Abscess behind the tonsils

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3
Q

Peritonsillar abscess differential

A

severe one sided sore throat, difficulty swallowing and opening mouth, cervical lymphadenopathy, hot potato voice

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4
Q

Peritonsillar abscess TX

A

drainage and abx

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5
Q

Peritonsillar abscess DX

A

erythematous pharynx, displaced uvula

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6
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess differential

A

head tilting towards the unaffected side, nuchal rigidity, neck swelling

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7
Q

Retropharyngeal abscess TX

A

incision and drainage, IV abx, airway management

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8
Q

Papilledema differential

A

venous engorgement, hemorrhages near optic disc, blurring of optic disc margins, no pain

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9
Q

Papilledema SX

A

headaches, malaise, vision loss/blurring, nausea

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10
Q

Blepharitis

A

infection of the eyelid, clogged oil glands or over growth of bacteria

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11
Q

Hordeolum

A

localized infection/swelling of the eyelid. “Big Bump”=stye

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12
Q

Blepharitis/chalazion/hordeolum TX

A

Antibiotic ointment, warm compress

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13
Q

Chalazion

A

infection of the mieobian gland

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14
Q

chalazion differential

A

painless unlike hordeolum or blepharitis

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15
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

infection/swelling of the conjunctiva. PT presents with redness, water or purulent discharge, pain or itching, eye may be stuck shut in the morning

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16
Q

Conjunctivitis TX

A

abx for bacterial conjunctivitis, flushing the eye with saline for viral

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17
Q

Corneal abrasion

A

injury to the cornea. PT presents with pain, blurry vision, FBS, sometimes cannot open eye. Can be visualized with stain

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18
Q

Corneal abrasion TX

A

polymyxcin/bacitracin ointment/NSAID

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19
Q

Corneal Ulcer differential

A

history of infection, pain, tearing, vision loss, constricted pupil, aqueous flare,

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20
Q

Corneal Ulcer TX

A

depending on cause, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal

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21
Q

Dacryoadenitis

A

inflammtion/infection of the lacrimal gland

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22
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

inflammation/infection of the lacrimal sac

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23
Q

Dacryocystitis/adenitis TX

A

warm compress, rarely surgical intervention

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24
Q

Ectropion/Entropion

A

eye rolling out/in

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25
Glaucoma
elevated pressure within the eye causing damage to the optic nerve
26
Glaucoma differential
acute closed angle-halo's, pain open angle-PERIPHERAL vision loss, often asymptomatic
27
Glaucoma Exam findings
cupping, optic disc:cup ratio smaller than 1:3, IOP>21
28
Glaucoma TX
Prostaglandins, beta blockers, alpha agonist, surgery
29
Macular degeneration differential
loss of CENTRAL vision
30
Macular degeneration exam findings
amslers grid, atrophy of the macula
31
Macular degeneration TX
Veg-F inhibitors, surgery
32
Hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye frequently caused by trauma
33
Hyphema TX
sleep with head up, self limiting, no eye strain
34
orbital cellulitis
infection of the orbital tissues
35
Orbital cellulitis TX
refer!! EMERGENT needs IV abx, vision and life threatening
36
Pterygium
benign growth of fibrovascular tissue
37
Pterygium TX
surgery if it disrupts vision
38
Retinal detachment
fluid allowed behind the retina due to trauma
39
retinal detachment differential
"curtain falling" sudden vision loss, PAINLESS
40
retinal detachment exam findings
retinal may appear hanging, asymmetric red reflex
41
Retinal detachment TX
surgery, REFER
42
retinal vascular occlusion
blockage of vessels leading into or out of the eye. blurred vision loss
43
Retinal Vascular Occlusion exam findings
artery=cherry red spot, vein=exudates, "blood and thunder fundus"
44
Retinal vascular occlusion TX
artery occlusion is emergency!! vein occlusion usually resolves itself if underlying cause is treated
45
Retinopathy differential
DM- cotton wool spots, HTN- arteriolar narrowing
46
Angioedema
allergic reaction similar to hives
47
Uveitis/iritis/scleritis
inflammation of the eye. tender, acute pain, may have some discharge
48
Uveitis/iritis/scleritis tx
steroids if needed. refer
49
Exophthalmos
protrusion of the eye often due to Graves disease
50
Pinguecula
benign growth on conjunctiva
51
corneal herpes simplex
HSV keratitis, pain
52
acoustic neuroma
tumor on the vestibulocochlear nerve
53
acoustic neuroma presentation and TX
gradual hearing loss, dizziness. surgical removal, observation
54
Barotrauma exam findings
pain, dizziness, aural fullness, history of flying or diving
55
Barotrauma TX
decongestants, antihistamines, tympanic tubes
56
cholesteatoma
overgrowth of squamous cells within the ear. will see crusting on tympanic membrane, chronic ear drainage
57
cholesteatoma TX
REFER, surgical removal most often
58
Mastoiditis
infection of the mastoid bone. usually secondary to otitis media
59
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
=herpes zoster outbreak. presents with painful rash on the side of face. BURNING, on face, ear, and eye. may have vertigo, decreased hearing, weakness on the side of face with the rash.
60
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome TX
high dose steroids and antivirals. REFER
61
Nasal septal disorders
septal perforation, deviation, turbinate hypertrophy
62
vasomotor rhinitis
imbalance of neurological input with reduced sympathetic input
63
Vasomotor rhinitis TX
antihistamines, anticholinergic spray, nasal steroids
64
Acute/chronic sinusitis TX
bacterial-abx. Viral-decongestants, mucolytics
65
Allergic rhinitis differential
shiners, lungs and skin, eyes involved
66
Allergic rhinitis TX
antihistamines, nasal steroids, nasal decongestants, immunotherapy
67
Allergic rhinitis DX
skin prick, RAST testing
68
Acute pharyngitis
Sore throat! sudden, fever, no cough
69
oral candiadisis
small white patches, antivirals
70
Saliadenitis
inflammation of the salivary glands. can be parotid, submandibular, or minor
71
Saliadenitis TX
augmentin, sour candy, or steroids
72
Hand, foot and mouth
viral, blisters on hands/feet and ulcerative lesions in the mouth
73
Hand, foot and mouth TX
no treatment, just management

Clinical Medicine (1 decks)

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