Henry VIII religion Flashcards
What did Henry think of himself as?
He saw himself as a ‘Renaissance Prince’
What happened to the Church after the Break with Rome?
There was a much more significant change in the structure of the Church than in the doctrine it followed.
What happened in 1532?
- Act in Restraint of Annates - payments made by the Church to the Pope were reduced to 5% of what they were previously (annates = church taxes that were sent to Rome from England)
What else happened in 1532?
Submission of Clergy - English church surrendered its right to make provincial ecclesiastical laws independently of the king. It promised to issue no new canons without royal licence, and to submit existing canons to a royally appointed committee for revision.
What was the Act of Supremacy in 1534?
Defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome.
What was the Act of Succession 1534?
Declared Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon’s marriage invalid and Mary therefore illegitimate, which established his daughter Elizabeth (later Elizabeth I) as his heir.
What else did the Act of Succession 1534 do?
Required his subjects to accept the King’s marriage to his second wife, Anne Boleyn, as ‘undoubted, true, sincere and perfect’
What was the 1534 Treason Act?
The Act made it treason, punishable by death, to disavow the Act of Supremacy 1534.
What is the meaning of Valor Ecclesiasticus?
Value of the Church
What did Valor Ecclesiasticus 1535 do?
A survey of the finances of the church in England, Wales and English controlled parts of Ireland made in 1535 on the orders of Henry VIII
What happened in 1536?
Dissolution of smaller monasteries.
What were the royal injunctions issued this year?
- A set of instructions to the clergy.
What else was issued in 1536?
Ten Articles
What did the Act of Succession 1536 do?
Removed both Elizabeth (Henry VIII’s daughter with Anne Boleyn) and Mary (Henry VIII’s daughter from his first wife Catherine of Aragon) from the line of succession
What happened in 1538?
The 1538 injunctions ordered the removal of images, keeping of baptisms, marriages and burials and the placing in churches of a large Bible in English.
What happened in 1539?
The Six Articles upheld (a) the catholic doctrine of transubstantiation; (b) the view that one need not receive both bread and wine in the communion; (c) the obligation of priests to remain celibate; (d) the binding character of vows of chastity; (e) private masses; and (f) auricular confession.
Significance of the Six Articles?
Deterred a Catholic crusade against England by the European powers by making England appear less Protestant i.e closer to the Pope.
What had happened by 1540?
Most religious houses had been dissolved.
What was the significance of the dissolution of monasteries?
- The peasant classes objected to the dissolution of the monasteries because of the threat to their way of life if the lands belonging to the monasteries changed hands.
- the perceived and actual physical threats to churches and the monasteries was a cause of the unrest of the Pilgrimage of Grace
What are some religious reasons for the Pilgrimage of Grace?
- the perceived and actual physical threats to churches and the monasteries was a cause of the unrest of the Pilgrimage of Grace
- changes to religion were a major cause of opposition in the 1530s. A key reason for the Pilgrimage of Grace was the changes to the relationship between England and Rome which had been developing from the early 1530s
- The peasant classes objected to the dissolution of the monasteries because of the threat to their way of life if the lands belonging to the monasteries changed hands.
Acts
Acts of the Reformation Parliament – The Break with Rome
1530 praemunire against the whole clergy – pardoned them if they were able to pay a large fine and accept Henry as the Head of the Church
1532 Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates ended the payments to the Pope
1533 Act in Restraint of Appeals made the highest religious court in England so Catherine could not appeal to Rome for help
1534 Act of Succession made Catherine’s marriage and daughter(Mary) invalid
1534 Act of Supremacy made everyone accept Henry as the Head of the Church
1534 Treason Act executed anyone who opposed Henry as supreme leader of the Church
opposition to religious change
Elizabeth Barton – popular nun with visions that Henry would not be King if the annulment went through. Forced to say that visions were fake and Henry had her executed.
John Fisher – publicly defended Catherine of Aragon during the annulment and refused the Succession Act. Was imprisoned.
Thomas More – Lord Chancellor who openly opposed annulment and royal supremacy, was loyal to Henry but more loyal to God. Was executed and replaced by Cromwell
Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536: 10,000 peasants marched across the North of England with Article of Grievances. Soon there were 30,000 rebels against Henry’s mere 8,000 royal army. Pressured Henry into agreeing with demands – summoning of Parliament and pardoning of rebels.
religious changes
In 1536, the Ten Articles were passed which introduced some Protestant practices in the Church.
But then in 1539, the Six Articles were passed which un-did this and introduced Catholicism again.
dissolution of monasteries
1535- Valor Ecclesiasticus= valuing the wealth of the church
1536- Act of parliament= to dissolve small monasteries
1536- pilgrimage of Grace= shows opposition and threat to Henry
1539- Act of parliament= to dissolve largest monasteries
1540- All monasteries closed
