Henry VIII religion

Question 1

What did Henry think of himself as?

Answer 1

He saw himself as a ‘Renaissance Prince’

Question 2

What happened to the Church after the Break with Rome?

Answer 2

There was a much more significant change in the structure of the Church than in the doctrine it followed.

Question 3

What happened in 1532?

Answer 3

• Act in Restraint of Annates - payments made by the Church to the Pope were reduced to 5% of what they were previously (annates = church taxes that were sent to Rome from England)

Question 4

What else happened in 1532?

Answer 4

Submission of Clergy - English church surrendered its right to make provincial ecclesiastical laws independently of the king. It promised to issue no new canons without royal licence, and to submit existing canons to a royally appointed committee for revision.

Question 5

What was the Act of Supremacy in 1534?

Answer 5

Defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome.

Question 6

What was the Act of Succession 1534?

Answer 6

Declared Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon’s marriage invalid and Mary therefore illegitimate, which established his daughter Elizabeth (later Elizabeth I) as his heir.

Question 7

What else did the Act of Succession 1534 do?

Answer 7

Required his subjects to accept the King’s marriage to his second wife, Anne Boleyn, as ‘undoubted, true, sincere and perfect’

Question 8

What was the 1534 Treason Act?

Answer 8

The Act made it treason, punishable by death, to disavow the Act of Supremacy 1534.

Question 9

What is the meaning of Valor Ecclesiasticus?

Answer 9

Value of the Church

Question 10

What did Valor Ecclesiasticus 1535 do?

Answer 10

A survey of the finances of the church in England, Wales and English controlled parts of Ireland made in 1535 on the orders of Henry VIII

Question 11

What happened in 1536?

Answer 11

Dissolution of smaller monasteries.

Question 12

What were the royal injunctions issued this year?

Answer 12

• A set of instructions to the clergy.

Question 13

What else was issued in 1536?

Answer 13

Ten Articles

Question 14

What did the Act of Succession 1536 do?

Answer 14

Removed both Elizabeth (Henry VIII’s daughter with Anne Boleyn) and Mary (Henry VIII’s daughter from his first wife Catherine of Aragon) from the line of succession

Question 15

What happened in 1538?

Answer 15

The 1538 injunctions ordered the removal of images, keeping of baptisms, marriages and burials and the placing in churches of a large Bible in English.

Question 16

What happened in 1539?

Answer 16

The Six Articles upheld (a) the catholic doctrine of transubstantiation; (b) the view that one need not receive both bread and wine in the communion; (c) the obligation of priests to remain celibate; (d) the binding character of vows of chastity; (e) private masses; and (f) auricular confession.

Question 17

Significance of the Six Articles?

Answer 17

Deterred a Catholic crusade against England by the European powers by making England appear less Protestant i.e closer to the Pope.

Question 18

What had happened by 1540?

Answer 18

Most religious houses had been dissolved.

Question 19

What was the significance of the dissolution of monasteries?

Answer 19

• The peasant classes objected to the dissolution of the monasteries because of the threat to their way of life if the lands belonging to the monasteries changed hands.
• the perceived and actual physical threats to churches and the monasteries was a cause of the unrest of the Pilgrimage of Grace

Question 20

What are some religious reasons for the Pilgrimage of Grace?

Answer 20

• the perceived and actual physical threats to churches and the monasteries was a cause of the unrest of the Pilgrimage of Grace
• changes to religion were a major cause of opposition in the 1530s. A key reason for the Pilgrimage of Grace was the changes to the relationship between England and Rome which had been developing from the early 1530s
• The peasant classes objected to the dissolution of the monasteries because of the threat to their way of life if the lands belonging to the monasteries changed hands.

Question 21

Acts

Answer 21

Acts of the Reformation Parliament – The Break with Rome
1530 praemunire against the whole clergy – pardoned them if they were able to pay a large fine and accept Henry as the Head of the Church
1532 Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates ended the payments to the Pope
1533 Act in Restraint of Appeals made the highest religious court in England so Catherine could not appeal to Rome for help
1534 Act of Succession made Catherine’s marriage and daughter(Mary) invalid
1534 Act of Supremacy made everyone accept Henry as the Head of the Church
1534 Treason Act executed anyone who opposed Henry as supreme leader of the Church

Question 22

opposition to religious change

Answer 22

Elizabeth Barton – popular nun with visions that Henry would not be King if the annulment went through. Forced to say that visions were fake and Henry had her executed.

John Fisher – publicly defended Catherine of Aragon during the annulment and refused the Succession Act. Was imprisoned.

Thomas More – Lord Chancellor who openly opposed annulment and royal supremacy, was loyal to Henry but more loyal to God. Was executed and replaced by Cromwell

Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536: 10,000 peasants marched across the North of England with Article of Grievances. Soon there were 30,000 rebels against Henry’s mere 8,000 royal army. Pressured Henry into agreeing with demands – summoning of Parliament and pardoning of rebels.

Question 23

religious changes

Answer 23

In 1536, the Ten Articles were passed which introduced some Protestant practices in the Church.
But then in 1539, the Six Articles were passed which un-did this and introduced Catholicism again.

Question 24

dissolution of monasteries

Answer 24

1535- Valor Ecclesiasticus= valuing the wealth of the church
1536- Act of parliament= to dissolve small monasteries
1536- pilgrimage of Grace= shows opposition and threat to Henry
1539- Act of parliament= to dissolve largest monasteries
1540- All monasteries closed