Henry Viii Early Foreign Policy Flashcards
What are the factors?
- Scotland
- France
- HRE
- Spain
Henry’s aims
- Achieve glory through war
- Demonstrate England was a major European power
- Assert claim to French throne
- Eliminate Scottish threat
- Secure dynasty
Why are these aims unrealistic?
- Lacked finance for aggressive FP
- Claim to French throne - unrealistic born out of Renaissance Prince than international reality
- Wolsey emphasised diplomacy
Wolsey’s aims FP
- Further own position
- Maintain peace
-Please Henry
Acronym to remember treaties: AF.C.L.B.M.C.C - What are the treaties, in order?
ANGLO FRENCH - 1514
CAMBRAI - 1517
LONDON - 1518
BRUGES - 1521-23
MORE - 1525
COGNAC - 1527
CAMBRAI - 1529
When was the Anglo-Spanish deal to attack France?
1511
What happend during the Anglo-Spanish deal to attack France?
- H8 deal w/ Ferdinand jointly attack France + regain lost Aquitaine for Eng
- H8 let down, F uses Eng troops as diversion and recalled
- Failure–>X glory through war, manipulated and undermined
Anglo-French War 1512 - 1st expedition
- H8 12,000 troops April 1512 under Marquis of Dorset to Bayonne
H8 naivete in international affairs
- Ferdinand had no intention of invading France
Used Eng troops in Guuienne as cover for him, behind he seized Navarre ➡ made peace w/ French
– ➡ AF treaty = ✅ for H8
When was the Battle of Spurs?
(June) 1513
What happened during the Battle of Spurs?
- 30,000 + H8 to Calais
- Seize Tournai (££ garrison till 1518) + Therounne
- HRE gain X Henry
- Spend £960,000 war 1511-13, normal income of £110,000/yr
When was the Battle of Flodden?
1513
Battle of Flodden
- Same time as Spurs
- James IV take advantage of H8 absence
- Surrey makes momentous victory, JVI killed, son = child, nobles killed
- H8 sister Margaret = regent
When was the Anglo-French Treaty?
1514
Terms of AF treaty
- Peace w/ France (too £££)
- F + HRE no longer interested in attacking France, make secret treaties
- Only makes small gains (Tournai) and French pension
- Wolsey in control
What were the terms of the Peace of Cambrai 1517?
Treaty between new 👑 Francis, new 👑 of Spain + pops HRE
Eng not invited.
Francis cause trouble, sends Duke of Albany to overthrow Scottish regency
When was the first Peace of Cambrai?
1517
When was the Treaty of London?
1518
What was the Treaty of London?
Wolsey organised settlement of universal peace, Eng at centre of diplomacy. Signed by 20 EU powers.
Mary betrothed to Dauphin of France. Albany excluded from Scotland.
Maximillian death undermines peace - Fr, C, H8 fight for HRE post.
When was the Field of Cloth of Gold?
1520
Field of Cloth of Gold
- C + F want H8 as ally
- Meeting bet/ Francs and H8
3000 notables from each country, very expensive, jousting and pageantry, England couldn’t remain neutral.
What happened after the Field of Cloth of Gold?
H8 + CV meet secretly at Gravelines, seeks assurance of English neutrality, more likely as France was a traditional enemy.
When was the Treaty of Bruges?
1521-23
What were the terms of the Treaty of Bruges?
Wolsey meets with CV ➡ England invade FR unless Francis agreed to peace ➡ Wolsey gains delay on entry to war (1523)
Treaty secret until next French pension…
What were the terms of the Treaty of Bruges? [2]
1522 Surrey fails attack from Surrey
X CV support
1523 ➡ response French rebellion 3 pronged, £40,000 attack planned
Failed due to poor weather and supplies ➡ Wolsey makes peace w/ France
Treaty of More (1525)
CV capures Francis. H8 despresate for alliance w/ CV. Wants to invade Fr for the throne whilst CV is HRE. CV refuses to attack France + annuls proposed marriage between him and Mary. Forces England to solidify alliance with France and give up claim for pension.
When was the Treaty of Cognac?
Treaty of Cognac terms
Francis released, wants to challenge Charles’s hegemony.
Aligns France, England, several Italian states
England never joining but finance LEAGUE OF COGNAC
When was the second Peace of Cambrai?
