Henry Viii Early Foreign Policy

Question 1

What are the factors?

Answer 1

• Scotland
• France
• HRE
• Spain

Question 2

Henry’s aims

Answer 2

• Achieve glory through war
• Demonstrate England was a major European power
• Assert claim to French throne
• Eliminate Scottish threat
• Secure dynasty

Question 3

Why are these aims unrealistic?

Answer 3

• Lacked finance for aggressive FP
• Claim to French throne - unrealistic born out of Renaissance Prince than international reality
• Wolsey emphasised diplomacy

Question 4

Wolsey’s aims FP

Answer 4

• Further own position
• Maintain peace

-Please Henry

Question 4

Acronym to remember treaties: AF.C.L.B.M.C.C - What are the treaties, in order?

Answer 4

ANGLO FRENCH - 1514
CAMBRAI - 1517
LONDON - 1518
BRUGES - 1521-23
MORE - 1525
COGNAC - 1527
CAMBRAI - 1529

Question 4

When was the Anglo-Spanish deal to attack France?

Answer 4

1511

Question 5

What happend during the Anglo-Spanish deal to attack France?

Answer 5

• H8 deal w/ Ferdinand jointly attack France + regain lost Aquitaine for Eng
• H8 let down, F uses Eng troops as diversion and recalled
• Failure–>X glory through war, manipulated and undermined

Question 6

Anglo-French War 1512 - 1st expedition

Answer 6

• H8 12,000 troops April 1512 under Marquis of Dorset to Bayonne

H8 naivete in international affairs

• Ferdinand had no intention of invading France

Used Eng troops in Guuienne as cover for him, behind he seized Navarre ➡ made peace w/ French

– ➡ AF treaty = ✅ for H8

Question 7

When was the Battle of Spurs?

Answer 7

(June) 1513

Question 7

What happened during the Battle of Spurs?

Answer 7

• 30,000 + H8 to Calais
• Seize Tournai (££ garrison till 1518) + Therounne
• HRE gain X Henry
• Spend £960,000 war 1511-13, normal income of £110,000/yr

Question 8

When was the Battle of Flodden?

Answer 8

1513

Question 9

Battle of Flodden

Answer 9

• Same time as Spurs
• James IV take advantage of H8 absence
• Surrey makes momentous victory, JVI killed, son = child, nobles killed
• H8 sister Margaret = regent

Question 10

When was the Anglo-French Treaty?

Answer 10

1514

Question 11

Terms of AF treaty

Answer 11

• Peace w/ France (too £££)
• F + HRE no longer interested in attacking France, make secret treaties
• Only makes small gains (Tournai) and French pension
• Wolsey in control

Question 12

What were the terms of the Peace of Cambrai 1517?

Answer 12

Treaty between new 👑 Francis, new 👑 of Spain + pops HRE
Eng not invited.

Francis cause trouble, sends Duke of Albany to overthrow Scottish regency

Question 12

When was the first Peace of Cambrai?

Answer 12

1517

Question 13

When was the Treaty of London?

Answer 13

1518

Question 14

What was the Treaty of London?

Answer 14

Wolsey organised settlement of universal peace, Eng at centre of diplomacy. Signed by 20 EU powers.
Mary betrothed to Dauphin of France. Albany excluded from Scotland.

Maximillian death undermines peace - Fr, C, H8 fight for HRE post.

Question 15

When was the Field of Cloth of Gold?

Answer 15

1520

Question 16

Field of Cloth of Gold

Answer 16

• C + F want H8 as ally
• Meeting bet/ Francs and H8
  3000 notables from each country, very expensive, jousting and pageantry, England couldn’t remain neutral.

Question 17

What happened after the Field of Cloth of Gold?

Answer 17

H8 + CV meet secretly at Gravelines, seeks assurance of English neutrality, more likely as France was a traditional enemy.

Question 18

When was the Treaty of Bruges?

Answer 18

1521-23

Question 19

What were the terms of the Treaty of Bruges?

Answer 19

Wolsey meets with CV ➡ England invade FR unless Francis agreed to peace ➡ Wolsey gains delay on entry to war (1523)

Treaty secret until next French pension…

Question 20

What were the terms of the Treaty of Bruges? [2]

Answer 20

1522 Surrey fails attack from Surrey
X CV support

1523 ➡ response French rebellion 3 pronged, £40,000 attack planned

Failed due to poor weather and supplies ➡ Wolsey makes peace w/ France

Question 21

Treaty of More (1525)

Answer 21

CV capures Francis. H8 despresate for alliance w/ CV. Wants to invade Fr for the throne whilst CV is HRE. CV refuses to attack France + annuls proposed marriage between him and Mary. Forces England to solidify alliance with France and give up claim for pension.

Question 22

When was the Treaty of Cognac?

Question 23

Treaty of Cognac terms

Answer 23

Francis released, wants to challenge Charles’s hegemony.

Aligns France, England, several Italian states

England never joining but finance LEAGUE OF COGNAC

Question 24

When was the second Peace of Cambrai?