Henry VIII Domestic Flashcards
How did H8 treat his fathers legacy?
Tried to distance himself from it, abolished CLIL and executed Empson and Dudley
What did abolishment of CLIL achieve
Ensured popularity with nobles and signalled new type of ruler
When did H8 marry Catherine of Aragon
1509
Issues with CoA marriage
Older than him, less time for heir
Unable to give male heir
Levitticus
Nobility views on H8
Well liked due to shared interest of war, sport and all things renaissance
Popular after abolishment of CLIL
Initially seen as a bit of a pushover
Henrys aims
Become a European power
Glory in France
Establish himself as warrior king
Reestablish role of nobility
Distance himself from H7
Leviticus
Religion says that you can’t marry brothers wife without pope permission and if you did it would be a cursed marriage
How did Wolsey gain power
Rose through church and government due to his efficiency, then gained relationship with H8 by getting him his war and free from council
Initial role of the council
Keep H8 from war and being to generous/ easily manipulated by outside influences
Success of first French War
Takes towns of Tournai + Theruoxanne
Ultimately achieved his aim
Spent all of inheritance
Why is Wolsey rise to power so surprising
He isn’t nobility
What is Henrys view on government
Not interested in it and delegates it to likes of Wolsey when possible
Relationship between Wolsey and king
Saw Wolsey as a problem solver so had him wearing lots of different hats, Wolsey could easily manipulate him and cut off all others influence
Wolseys key position in church
Legate
Wolsey administrative and local government
Focused on reducing corruption and increasing efficiency but kept overall system
Wolsey legal reform
Laid groundwork for modern court of law
Streamlined legal system and made it a case by case basis
H8 wasn’t interested in legal reform so was unable to make his system fully successful as he had other priorities
Wolsey finance and parliament
Unsuccessful and unpopular in parliament so has to bypass them for money
Leads to amicable grant
Improved taxing system and boosted revenue but not enough to fund H8 demands
Amicable grant
Non parliamentary tax raise in order to pay for French war, caused Suffolk uprising, Huge embarrassment that Wolsey took blame for
When was Amicable grant
1525
Wolsey economic reform
Failure despite willingness to help, increasing poverty, unemployment and food shortages
Wolsey and the church
Rose through it
Became legate
Used it as a tool to gain as much power as he could in order to subject kings will more effectively
Reduced corruption
Concentrated power to Henry
State of church before schism
Highly corrupt but still very popular with little serious opposition
Success of Wolsey
Legal reforms
Reduced corruption in church and government
Concentrated church power into monarchy
Failures of Wolsey
Amicable grant
Spread too thin to achieve anything great
Did nothing for social reform or poor
Unable to match income to spending
Humanists
Believe people decide hot to connect to god not church, wanted to strip religion back and reduce catholic influence
Evangelicals
Want to overthrow catholic church, early form of protestants
Reasons to break with Rome
Leviticus
Curtail papal power
Loves Anne
Wants church finances for himself
No male heir from CoA
Why did pope disagree to annulment
Charles V sacked Rome and controls pope
Why is Wolsey executed
Accused of pramunire
Praemunire
Recognising a foreign authority over king
How was the split justified
Cranmers book claiming King was in charge of church in heirachy
Submission of clergy
1532 confirmation of H8 power within church
Convocation of Canterbury
Recognise H8 as supreme head of church, puts him in direct opposition with Rome
1533 Cranmer ruling
Marriage to CoA is invalid and marriage to AB is legal
Act of Annates
Banned payments to Rome
Supplication of the ordinaries
Church had to get permission from king to pass laws
Submission of clergy
Clergy accept king as their lawmaker, not the pope
Act in Restraint of Appeals to Rome
Rome has no ruling power and king is supreme head of the church
Act of succession
Officially recognises AB as queen and invalidates CoA marriage
Act of 10 articles
Rejects catholic doctrine, clear move to protestantism
Royal injunctions to clergy
Abandoned pilgrimage
Defends royal supremacy
English bible
Removal of relics
Act of 6 articles
Reasserted catholic values like transubstantiation
Act for Dissolution of Monasteries
Closing of monasteries with land and money to crown
H8s view on religion
Starts off devout catholic and defends pope but deems split with pope necessary after annulment denied and moves towards church of England. Drifts back towards Catholicism later in reign
Causes of dissolution
Financial boost to crown
Centralisation of power to king
Ends opposition to Rome split
Dissolution of monasteries
563 religious houses dissolved
Loss of culture
Monks and Nuns pensioned off
Transfer of power to people but no social revolution/reform
£1.3m made from monastic land
Reduced taxes
Less patronage
Pilgrimage of Grace
Religious rebellion starting in Lincolnshire but spread to all classes in the North
PoG grievances
Dissolutions
Restraints on property distribution
Raised food prices
New Prayer Book
Aims of PoG
Remove H8 evil advisors and maintain the religion of Christ
Result of PoG
30,000 marched on York
Claimed lots of Northern cities inc York and Hull
King agrees to negotiations and a pardon but executes and destroys rebels when they leave
Speeds up religious reform as a result
Convinced King of his power and untouchability
Thomas Cromwell
Chief enforcer of political and religious obedience
Chief figure of dissolution of monasteries
Doubled crown income
Revolutionised Tudor government
