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Tudors; Henry VIII > Henry VIII and Wolsey > Flashcards

Henry VIII and Wolsey Flashcards

1
Q

Henry’s reign?

A

1509-1547

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2
Q

Brief description of H8

A

Renaissance man, chivalric, accessible

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3
Q

How was H8 different from H7?

similar?

A

H8 ascends peacefully & only knew wealth & expectation
Both had little preparation for the crown

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4
Q

What were H8’s aims? (4)

A

War & glory; be a knight, emulate H5, rivalry w/ Francis & Charles
Popularity with nobles & courtiers
A male heir
Focus on pleasure of being king (left day-day ruling to chief ministers)

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5
Q

what were H8’s two immediate actions when he came to power & why?

A

Executes Dudley & Empson (H7’s financial enforcers); which heralds a new reign
Married Catherine of Aragon; in court since 1502; right thing to do & alliance with Spain

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6
Q

Wolsey’s dates in power?

A

1513-1530

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7
Q

Describe Wolsey’s rise to power (points)

A

Organises 2nd French invasion; successful & so drawn into peace negotiations
Became influential in church – built up titles & wealth
Becomes Papal legate; on line with monarch’s powers

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8
Q

What was Wolsey’s early life like?

A

Son of a butcher

Boy bachelor at Cambridge

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9
Q

Give 5 of Wolsey’s titles

A 
Bishop of Tournai
Archbishop of York
Cardinal
Lord Chancellor
Papal Legate
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10
Q

How did luck help Wolsey secure power?

A

A new court atmosphere meant focus was placed on ability not birth
H8 wanted to be different from H7

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11
Q

How did talent help Wolsey secure power?

A

Wolsey was very skilled; talents noticed during the organisation of the 2nd French expedition, also boy bachelor

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12
Q

How did hard work help Wolsey secure power?

A

worked to a high standard & fast; organised Flander envoy in 3 days before H8 even realised

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13
Q

How did Wolsey control the nobles?

A

merciless towards those who tried to discredit him; removed those who got to close to H8

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14
Q

Who was the Duke of Buckingham

A

Supposedly suggested the King may not be King for much longer & was executed for treason
Wolsey & Buckingham didn’t get on; seen as a warning to nobility

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15
Q

What was the expulsion of the minions?

A

firing of 4 men from the new post; gentlemen of the privy chamber - kings close attendants.

Seen as Wolsey removing King’s intimates
H/w - Wolsey ill at time, took 9 months to act, men already intimate companions

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16
Q

Who was Paulet?

A

Paulet humiliated young Wolsey who later summoned him to London on trumped up charge & demanded his daily attendance in court - never charged but costs virtually ruined him
Seen as a warning about crossing Wolsey

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17
Q

How did Wolsey’s management of wealth help him stay in power?

A

Money used as political tool to create magnificence

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18
Q

How rich was Wolsey?

A

At height of power he was estimated to be 10* richer than nearest rival

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19
Q

Why did H8 put so trust in Wolsey (3)

A

Wanted to deputise
As a ‘low born’ Wolsey couldn’t threaten the King’s position like other nobles
H8 enjoyed how Wolsey annoyed the nobles

20
Q

What was Wolsey’s domestic policy aims ?

A

Stay in power as long as possible

Please the king

21
Q

what did Wolsey need to do to achieve his aims?

A

please the king & raise money for war

22
Q

What financial changes/acts did Wolsey impose (4)

A

Subsidy
Eltham ordinances
Amicable Grant
Act of Resumption

23
Q

What was the subsidy?

Good or bad?

A

flexible tax on parliament grants

Good; replaced the old system as it brought in more money - based on realistic weath estimation

24
Q

What was the Amicable Grant?

Good or bad?

A

Tax on ordinary people / church for war - given 10 days to find the money
bad; resulted in unrest of 10,000 people & was cancelled - humiliation

25
Q

what were the Eltham Ordinances?

good or bad?

A

aimed at reorganising chaotic privy finances - really an attempt to control the nobility’s access to H8
bad; Wolsey never secured control of court/royal household

26
Q

What was the act of resumption?

good or bad?

A

reclaiming of crown lands

good; increased revenue

27
Q

wolseys domestic policy; Finances
good?
bad?

A

successful in raising money for H8; £76,000

failed in Amicable grant & that he his gains failed couldn’t finance war costs; £1.7

28
Q

What legal changes did Wolsey want to make

A

aimed to tackle slow & unfair delivery of justice; Star chamber & Chancery

29
Q

How successful was the Star court?

A

Wolsey strengthened it & increased the number of cases heard from 12 to 120

Hoowever, he often used it to attack nobles (making enemies)

30
Q

How successful was the Chancery chamber?

A

tried the poors cases - friend to poor

put no measures in to continue this

31
Q

wolseys domestic policy; legal
good?
bad?

A

+ mantained law & kept country stable

  • incurred lots of hate from nobles - made powerful enemies
32
Q

What socio-economic changes did Wolsey make?

good or bad?

A

Ordered a survey on enclosures which led to legal cases against land lords

+ strengthened reputation as friend to poor
- enclosures still a problem, angered nobles

33
Q

Why did H8 want a divorce (3)

A

Loved Anne Boleyn
Wanted a male heir
Thought the marriage was sinful

34
Q

Why was H8 wanting a male heir an important reason for the divorce?

A

CoA was too old to give him a son, he wasn’t sure if Mary was a legitimate heir (bc of concerns about marriage)

35
Q

Why was Anne Boleyn an important reason for the divorce?

A

He was supposedly obsessed by her (known for having fads) & she wouldn’t sleep with him unless he made her queen

36
Q

What were H8’s concerns about his marriage & why where they an important reason for the divorce?

A

He wasn’t sure that CoA had been a virgin when he married her (she couldn’t prove she was) - if she wasn’t she was religiously his sister & the marriage illegitimate. H8 thought this was potentially the case as the hebrew bible said if a brother married his sister he would have no sons…
H8 was very religious

37
Q

What 3 approaches did Wolsey take to try get a divorce?

A

scriptural; argument based on scriptures
diplomatic; tried to free pope from Charles
legal; oversee divorce in England

38
Q

Why did Wolsey ultimately fail in the divorce?

A

foreign issues (pope was taken virtual prisoner by CoA’s nephew so wouldn;t grant it)

39
Q

Evidence that the church need reform in the 1520s?

A

corrupt officials; absentee, pluralists & non celibate (Wolsey typified & Hunne Case)
Uneducated clergy
Lessening enthusiasm for religious orders; less new priories, friaries & nunneries

(South East saw some church opposition)

40
Q

What was the Hunne case

A

A suspected Lollard London Merchant found dead - a clergyman & his gaolers accused but never charged - church corrupt

41
Q

Evidence that the church didn’t need reform in the 1520s?

A

Still popular (especially in rural areas)
devotional works sell lots
parishioners still left lots of money in their wills

42
Q

How did Wolsey impact the Church (3)

A

Made papal legate - could deputise on church matters
Improved educational standards - visited 60+ religious houses issuing nwe constitutions for Augustinian monks
Dissolved 20 small monasteries; used funds for Cardinal college

43
Q

What cause Wolsey’s fall from power?

A

Accused of Praemenire

44
Q

Why did Wolsey fall from power?

A

Henry VIII
Boleyn faction
Reputation & personal ambitions

45
Q

Why could Henry VIII be a reason for Wolsey’s fall from power?

A

Angry at Wolsey for failing to get divorce; accused him of working in the church’s interests
Had always had passing obsessions - Wolsey possibly one of these
Cambrai (foreign policy) was embarrasing - downfall happened 10 days later

46
Q

Why could Wolsey’s reputation & arrogance be a reason for Wolsey’s fall from power?

A

H8 didn’t remove all Wolsey’s titles - chance to be reinstated

47
Q

Why could the Boleyn faction be a reason for Wolsey’s fall from power?

A

Group of nobles pressured H8 to get rid of Wolsey (who had made powerful noble enemies via domestic policy)

(But why was this group of nobles successful

Tudors; Henry VIII (4 decks)

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