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Henry the 8th (history) > Henry VIII and Wolsey 1509-29 > Flashcards

Henry VIII and Wolsey 1509-29 Flashcards

1
Q

who was apart of the nobility?

social heirachy

A

lords, earls and the wider royal family

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1
Q

what was the social hierarchy in 1509?

A

God
Monarch
Nobility
Gentry
Yeomen
Tenant farmers
Labouring poor
Vagrants/ vagabonds

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2
Q

who were the gentry

social heirachy

A

Big land owners

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3
Q

who were the yeomen

socail heirachy

A

small land owners who rented out their land to others.

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4
Q

who were the tenant farmers?

social heirachy

A

they rented land from the yeomen and manged the workers on that land

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5
Q

who were the labouring poor?

social heirachy

A

they rented land from tenant farmers and did most ofthe physical hard work

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6
Q

who were the vagrants/ vagabonds

socail heirachy

A

people who wandered in search of a job. they were unemployed and many ahd to beg or steal to survive

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7
Q

what is the divine right of kings?

A

the ideas that the king was appointed by God

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8
Q

when and at what age did henry VIII gain the throne

A

henry gained the throne in 1509 at age 18

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9
Q

who was arthur and when did he die?

A

arthur was Henry VII oldest son and died in 1502 meaning Henry could take over the throne

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10
Q

why doesn’t the King have control over the church

A

because England was a catholic country, the pope had complete control over the church.
( the church was very powerful)

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11
Q

why was henry VIII known as the Renaissance king?

5 things

A
  • strong athlete
  • took part in hunting,jousting,wresting,archery
  • musician
  • spoke many lanuages
  • good dancer
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12
Q

what was henrys views on the monarch and sovereignty ( supreme power of authorty)

3 things

A
  • he belived in the divine right of kings and that he was appointe dby God as king
  • people had a duty to obey him
  • monarchy and the court were the center of life
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13
Q

what did henry use to help him make decisions

A

royal council and the privy chamber

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14
Q

why was Henry the VII disliked?

A

because he imposed high taxes

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15
Q

what were Henry the VIII strengths when taking over the crown?
(5 things)

A
  • different from his father ( popular)
  • handsome - looked like a king (popular)
  • team of experienced advisers ( strong)
  • Catherine gave connections to Spain (strong)
  • crown was not in debt + England was rich
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16
Q

what were Henry the VII weaknesses?
(5 things)

A
  • he was 18 so he had little experience (naive)
  • his vision of kingship was based on heroic legends ( naive)
  • little interest in government and gave most power to his ministers. ( disinterested)
  • took part in dangerous sport - dangerous with no succession (risk taker)
  • egotistical - doesn’t heed advice
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17
Q

why was there increasing power in henry’s in his key advisers

A

Henry delegated power as routine tasks bored

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18
Q

why did Henry the 8th want a male heir

A

to reduce the risk of a civil war after his death

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19
Q

what were henry the 8th aims

8 things

A
  • government where the king decides policy and his ministers carry it out
  • victory in battles abroad
  • win lands back from France
  • create a dazzaling royal court through dress, architecture and entertainment
  • enhance prestige by attracting great men to court
  • effective monarch that governs well
  • maintain law and order
  • male heir
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20
Q

when was wolsey born

A

1473

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21
Q

what job did wolseys father have

A

butcher and cattle dealer

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22
Q

when did wolsey become a preist and get his oxfard degree

A

1498

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23
Q

in ____ wolsey became a memeber of teh royal council as the _____ ________

A

1509
royal almonder

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24
Q

what did the royal almonder do

A

in charge of giving money to the poor

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25
Q

when did wlsey become lord chancellor, cheif minister and cardinal

A

1515

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26
Q

in 1514 wolsey became the ___________ and the ___________

A

archbishop of york
bishop of lincon

27
Q

when did wolsey become papal legislate

A

1518

28
Q

what is papal legislate

A

the popes representative

29
Q

what did wolsey becoming papal legislate mean for him

A

he was the most powerful and senior churchman in the country

30
Q

what was wolsey know as because of his great power and influence

A

alter rex

31
Q

what does alter rex mean

A

second king

32
Q

what are some key points of wolseys personaility

A
  • not a member of the nobility
  • extremely intelligent
  • ambitious
  • charming and persausive - able to build relationships with the king of other country rulers
  • able to carry out the kings wishes
  • ruthless with whoever threated him or the government
33
Q

how did wolsey accumulate his wealth?

A
  • power in state and church
  • many jobs
34
Q

why was wolsey becoming Lord chancellor and cardinal important for him

A

it allowed him to exert influence over the king and teh church and strengthed his power

35
Q

what were the key reasons for wolseys rise to power?

A
  • henry didnt want to take part in teh day to day government
  • royal almonder 1509
  • henry disliked his father advisers
  • war with france in 1512
  • his personaility
36
Q

how did henry not wanting to involve himself in the day to day goverment help wolseys rise to power?

A
  • wolsey was left to do important but boring tasks that henry didnt want to do which increased his power
37
Q

how did wolseys position as royal almonder allow wolsey to rise to power

A

it made him a memeber of the royal court which allowed him to have access to henry which gave him oppertunites to exert his influence over him

38
Q

how did henry disliking his fathers advisers allow wolsey to rise to power

A

it got rid of potetntial rivals and eased wolseys path to power

39
Q

how did the war with france in 1512 allow wosley to rise to power

A
  • wolsey proved him worth
  • organised a well equipped and well organised army
  • wolsey demostrated skills that henry relied on
40
Q

how did wolseys personaility allow him to rise to power

A
  • his ability to flatter allowed him to exert influence over the king.
  • he was a effective negotiator on henrys behalf
  • his ruthlessness allowed him to ruin his rivals which got rid of any challanges.
41
Q

what was enclosure?

A

usuing fences to divide land into fields that were often used for grazing sheep which allowed land owners to make money through the wool trade

42
Q

hwo did enclosures effect tenant farmers

A
  • reduced land avaliable for them
43
Q

what was wolseys enclosure policy

A
  • set up an inquiry in 1517 to investigate enclosures
  • reduce its effect on ordinary people
  • his work resulted in 260 court cases against land owners
44
Q

what was the result of wolseys enclosure policy

A
  • achieved very little as enclosures still were taking place
  • angered many land owners which created enemies for him at court
45
Q

what did wolsey want to do about the justice system as lord chancellor

A
  • created a fairer justice system where teh rich were not above the law
46
Q

what did wolsey to do create a fairer justice system

5 things

A
  • strengthend the star chamber
  • encouraged the poor to bring cases to court
  • increases courts work rate
  • supported cases of teh poor instead of teh rich
  • oversaw cases himself
47
Q

what was the star chamber

A

a royal chamber that rovided justice for the KIng

48
Q

what was teh result of Wolseys justice system reforms

A
  • angered many land owners who accused wolsey of victimising them
49
Q

why was the eltham ordinances created

A

to tackle the mispending and bad managment of the palaces.

  • wolsey complied a list of rules 79 chapters long
50
Q

when was the eltham ordinances created

A

1526

51
Q

what were some rules in the eltham ordinances

4 things

A
  • privy council reduced from 12 to 6
  • spedning cut back on food and servents
  • laying off sick or uneeded servents
  • reducing the money paid to people for expenses like food and fuel.
52
Q

what was the result of wolsey the reforms eltham ordinances

A
  • largely unsucessful
  • wolsey lost intrest after reducing privy council as it was his main aim
53
Q

what methods of taxation did wolsey use to raise money for henrys battles abroad

A
  • fifteens and tenths
  • crown lands
  • the subsidy
  • forced loans
  • clerical taxation
54
Q

why did wolsey need to raise money

A

for henrys battles abroad

55
Q

what is the taxation methods fifteens and tenths

A
  • taxes on moveable goods
  • 1/15th of teh value in rural areas
  • 1/10th value in urban areas
56
Q

what were crown lands

A
  • wolsey recovered land from nobility increasing incoem to government
  • raised 15000 in 1515 alone
57
Q

what was the subsidy

A
  • tax on income
  • the more you earn teh more you pay
58
Q

what were forced loans

A

wolsey forced major landowners to give money to teh government in 1522 and in 1523

59
Q

what was clerical taxation

A

a voluntay gift made by the church t the king

60
Q

what was the amicable grant

A

a tax imposed on the kings subjects in 1525 to pay for the invasion of france

61
Q

what was the taxation in the anicable grant

A

a third on preists and a sixth on ordinary people

62
Q

why was the amicable grant created

A
  • charles V the roman emperor defeated the king of france
  • Henry took that as an oppternity to invade france and to take bakc the land lost in the 15th cnetury
63
Q

when was the amicable grant created

A

1525

64
Q

what was the contraversy around teh amicable grant

A
  • other taxes ahd been proved by parliment however the amicable grant was not approved in this way and was being collected by royal decree
  • people only ahd 10 weeks to pay
  • many peopel resented thsi demand and could nto afford to pay
  • possiblity of rebellion against the KIng

Henry the 8th (history) (1 decks)

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