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History > Henry VIII And His Ministers > Flashcards

Henry VIII And His Ministers Flashcards

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1
Q

Why did Henry not expect to be king?

A

He was the second son of Henry VII, his brother died of tuberculosis in 1502

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2
Q

Why was Henry untrained in being King?

A

In his early childhood his brother got sent off to learn about government while Henry was brought up with two sisters in Eltham Palace.

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3
Q

Which two groups did Henry mainly rely on for advice?

A

Royal Council

Privy Chamber

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4
Q

What was Henrys attitude to kingship?

A

He wanted to follow on what the great renaissance kings did

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5
Q

What were Henrys 5 aims as Monarch?

A

1) Decide on Englands policies
2) Win battles abroad
3) Have a magnificent royal court
4) Attract important scholars to his court
5) Preform traditional duties as a monarch

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6
Q

Why would someone like Wolsey not usually become Lord Chancellor?

A

He was the son of an Ipswich Butcher who sent him off to oxford university.

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7
Q

When did Wolsey become Royal Almoner and what did this mean?

A

1509

In charge of giving charity to the poor and this made him a member of the royal council

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8
Q

Why was Wolsey in the right place at the right time when becoming Lord Chancellor?

A

Henry disliked many of his advisers inherited from his father

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9
Q

What was Wolseys ‘big break’ and when was this?

A

1513
Henry needed someone to organise an army to go to war with France, Wolsey took it on and delivered an army to France in 1513

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10
Q

When was Wolsey appointed as Lord Chancellor?

A

1515

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11
Q

What other titles did the church give him by 1515

A

Bishop of Lincoln
Archbishop of York
Cardinal

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12
Q

When was Wolsey appointed as Papal Legate and what was this position?

A

1518

He represented the pope in a foreign country

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13
Q

Why did Wolsey become feared and hated?

A

He was ruthless to anyone that threatened his position

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14
Q

What were Wolseys 3 reforms?

A

Justice
Enclosures
Fianance

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15
Q

Give 4 ways for how wolsey secured a fairer justice system

A

1) increased court load from 12 cases a year to 120
2) Supported cases of the poor against rich
3) Oversaw many cases in person
4) Encouraged poor people to bring cases to court

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16
Q

What was wrong with the justice system in the 1500s

A

It was flawed, delivering slow, expensive and often unfair justice

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17
Q

Why did the upper classes not like Wolsey?

A

They believed his main motivation was to get revenge on the upper classes.

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18
Q

What is an enclosure?

A

The practice of individual land owners fencing off land for profitable sheep rearing

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19
Q

What did Wolsey try and do to stop enclosures?

A

He set up investigations where land had been enclosed without permission and led to 260 cases going to court

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20
Q

What was Henrys yearly income?

A

£110,000

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21
Q

What was direct taxation?

A

Each community had to pay the court a percentage of their moveable goods ( possessions that could be moved from one location to another)
It would be 1/15 of the value in rural areas and 1/10 in in urban areas

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22
Q

Why was direct taxation (fifteenths and tenths) not working?

A

They were based on estimates from the 14th century and so were very outdated

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23
Q

What was Subsidy?

A

A new, additional tax brought in by it Wolsey, based on an up-to-date assessment of a persons income. The more you earned, the more tax you paid.

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24
Q

What were forced loans?

A

Monarchs could demand financial contributions from there subjects, refusal would mean imprisonment.

25
Q

What was clerical taxation?

A

Taxation on the church

26
Q

How did crown lands bring money into the government?

A

It was land held directly by the king so made income through rent and leases.

27
Q

Why did England need more money in 1525?

A

Henry wanted to invade France as it was in a vunerable position as the king of France has just been captured. However England had used up most of its money in the failed attempt in 1523

28
Q

What did Wolsey do to get money quickly?

A

He imposed a new tax called the Amicable Grant which was not approved by parliament

29
Q

Why was it dangerous that Wolsey didn’t go through parliament?

A

Their main role was to make sure the country wasn’t taxed too hard. If parliament was ignored then there could be a rebellion against the kings rule.

30
Q

What did the Amicable Grant demand?

A

The priests pay 1/3 of their income

Everyone else pays 1/6 of their income

31
Q

How long were people given to find the money for the amicable grant?

A

10 weeks

32
Q

What happened in reaction of the Amicable Grant and when?

A

On May 1525 in Suffolk, 10,000 men met to express their loyalty to the king but how angry they were with the tax

33
Q

What did Henry do in consequence of the uprising?

A

He claimed he was unaware of the tax and ordered the collection to be stopped

34
Q

Why was Henry angry with Wolsey about the Amicable Grant?

A

He humiliated Henry and he aas now unable to attack france

35
Q

What happened to Wolsey in consequence of the Amicable Grant?

A

He was humiliated and his unpopularity increased and Henry began the challenge his talents

36
Q

What was wrong with the Palace in 1526?

A

As a result of hundreds of people attending a day. The palace was dirty, bad behaviour was common and money was being spent without thought.

37
Q

What did Wolsey do to try and tackle the problem of the palace?

A

He introduced the Eltham Ordinances

38
Q

What happened to servants which were sick in the Eltham Ordinances?

A

They were laid off

39
Q

What happened to meals in the palaces due to the Eltham Ordinances?

A

They were set times instead of being constant.

40
Q

How was cleanliness promoted in the palace because of the Eltham Ordinances

A

Dogs were banned

41
Q

How did Wolsey reform the Privy chamber in the Palace in the Eltham Ordinances?

A

He reduced the number of men from 12 to 6. The public was reason was to save money but Wolseys other main concern was that the Privy chamber was turning Henry against him.

42
Q

What was the Treaty of London?

A

An idea of ‘universal peace, an attempt to end war permanently between France England and Spain.

43
Q

When was the Treaty of London released?

A

1518

44
Q

How many countries agreed to the Treaty of London?

A

20

45
Q

Why was the Treaty of London at first a success?

A

It gave Henry prestige- he became the European peacemaker

England started to be viewed as a significant power

46
Q

Why did the Treaty of London fail and when?

A

1521

The war between France and the Hadsburg Empire had restarted.

47
Q

What was the Field of the cloth of gold and when was it?

A

June 1520

Henry and Francis met and they spared no expense

48
Q

Why was the field of the cloth of gold a failure for European relations?

A

No decisions were made that could bring peace to Europe

It hinted that England was taking sides

Englands relations with france did not improve.

49
Q

When did Francis (King of France) declare war on Charles V?

A

April 1521

50
Q

When did England firstly go to war with France?

A

May 1522

51
Q

Why did England back spain and not france in 1522

A

Englands political and trade interests were more strongly linked with Spain.

52
Q

Why was Henry angry with Charles V after the 2nd war with france?

A

Charles did not see henry as an equal, he deserted Henry in 1523 when they attempted to capture Paris and had instead used english forces to distract the french

53
Q

What was the financial cost of the second war with France?

A

£430,000

54
Q

What was the Treaty of More and when was it?

A

1525

It brought peace to England and France

55
Q

What was the treaty of westminster and when was it signed?

A

1527

It strengthened relations between england and france.

56
Q

What was the League of Cognac ?

A

An alliance between the pope, france, Venice and Florence, eith the aim of preventing further attacks on Italy

57
Q

What was the impact of the treaty of westminster?

A

This threatened Charles with armed intervention if he did not seek to improve relations,

58
Q

How was Henrys divorce from Catherine affected by Charles V

A

Charles was Catherines nephew, he had control of Rome and the Pope and did not let the pope agree to a divorce

59
Q

What was the Treaty of Cambrai?

A

When Francis made peace with Charles and wolsey was only informed last minute.

History (3 decks)

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