Henry VII Key Terms / Dates Flashcards
Act of Attainders
29th January 1542
AIMS - to stop nobles being disloyal and they would be declared guilty with no trial
It would be used to sieze land and titles off nobles
Act of Resumption
1486
This recovered all of the crown property and lands that had been granted away since 1455
Anti-Retaining Laws and Fines
1st Act in 1485
2nd Act in 1504
Required nobles to have a special license from the king for retaining large numbers of men
The penalty for retaining was £5 per month per man
Battle of Bosworth
1485
Henry VII (Lancashire) killed Richard III (York) to become King
Henry was seen as usurper as he didn’t have a real claim to the throne
Brittany Crisis
1487 - 1492
Henry had to decide whether to protect England against France or to buy and protect Brittany and pay gratitude to Francis
Castillian Succession Crisis
1504 - 1506
Isabella of Castile died which left Joanna in charge
Isabella died - leaves Castile to Joanna and Philip; Ferdinand wanted Castile; H7 chose to support Joanna and Philip
Philip washed up in England - Henry agreed to help and created Intercursus Malus (never implemented)
Philip and Joanna take control of Castile
Philip dies and Joanna goes mad; Ferdinand seizes Castile
Clerical Tax
Special tax that the king could levy on the Church, as the clergy didn’t have to pay tax so Henry created a specific clerical tax as a way of getting the clergy to pay him
Cornwall Uprising
1497
A second tax uprising
Caused by attempts to raise money to defend the Northern border against Scotland
16 June rebels marched to Blackheath, London where 1000 rebels were killed and leaders exeuted
Extra-Ordinary Finances
This came to the crown only on specific occasions and for very particular reasons
It was made up from:
- Parliamentary Grants
- Loans and Benevolences
- Clerical Taxes
- Feudal Obligations
- French Pension
Feudal Dues
Traditional Rights of the King to demand money
It could be from:
- Relief
- Marriage
- Wardship
- Livery
Henry’s income rose from £350 (1487) to £6,000 (1507)
First Parliament of Reign
7 November 1485
This demonstrated Henry’s authority
During the first meeting, Henry was quickly obliged and formally recognised as King
Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League dominated trade in Northern Europe
Ships from the Hanseatic League were the primary carriers of English goods abroad - resulting in the decline of English merchant shipping
Henry VII Coronation
30 October 1485
No expense was spared for the coronation
£8 per yard of gold cloth
40 shillings per yard of purple velvet robe
Ordinary soldiers earned 2 and a half shillings per day
Henry VII Death
21 April 1509
Died in London Borough of Richmond upon the Thames
Invasion of France
October 1942
Henry wanted to claim the French throne
Parliament voted for two subsidies that paid for a substantial force of 26,000 men
They crossed the channel at Boulogne
The advisors of Charles VIII wanted to get rid of Henry VII to leave them free to concentrate all resources in Northern Italy, resulting in the Treaty of Etaples (French Pension)
Henry made it as though France paid to get rid of Henry
Justices of the Peace (JPs)
Judical officers elected or appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace (similar to police but NOT police)
Lambert Simnel / Battle of Stoke
1486 - 87
Simnel was an impersonator of Edward (Earl of Warwick) one of the Princes in the Tower
He met up with Margret of Burgundy and John de la Pole who helped to raise an army of 3000 men
He was crowned King of Ireland
The army crossed into England and they were defeated at the Battle of Stoke
Henry produced the Earl of Warwick from the tower to prove that Simnel was fake
Magnus Intercursus
February 1496
Major and long-lasting treaty signed by Henry VII (England) and Phillip IV (Burgundy)
Other signatories included the commercial powers of Venice, Florence, Netherlands and the Hanseatic League
Malus Intercursus
1506
Known as the “Evil Treaty” intended the replace the Magnus Intercursus
This replacement involved removal of all duties on England textile exports without reciprocity and with little compensation for the Burgundians
Married Elizabeth of York
18 January 1486
Married Elizabeth after Henry was officially crowned King of England which united the two houses (The Wars of the Roses)
Elizabeth had children with Henry VII (2 girls, 2 boys - Elizabeth, Mary, Arthur and Henry VIII)
Navigation Acts
1st Act 1485 - 1486
2nd Act 1489
This act prohibited English merchant from loading their goods onto foreign ships if English ships were available
An English merchant ship was made up of at least 50% Englishmen
