Henry VII - Consolidation of power

Question 1

Why did Henry date his reign to begin on the 21st of August?

Answer 1

So that anyone who would of fought against him could be accused of treason.

Question 2

Why was Henrys claim to the throne weak.

Answer 2

• He had 5 generations separating him from the nearest king.
• His claim came from his mothers side which broke the rule of ‘Primogeniture’
• One of his ancestors was illegitimate.

Question 3

What were Henrys 4 key aims at the beginning of his reign?

Answer 3

1. Secure dynasty.
2. Control nobility.
3. Protect claim to the throne.
4. Create good international relations.

Question 4

When was the battle of Bosworth?

Answer 4

22nd August 1485.

Question 5

What 3 actions did Henry do immediately to legitimise his rise to the throne.

Answer 5

1. He predated his reign to the 21st of August.
2. Married Elizabeth of York
3. Called parliament after being crowned

Question 6

Why did Henry organise his coronation a week before the meeting of his first parliament.

Answer 6

It showed his right to the throne was hereditary and not based on parliamentary sanction.

Question 7

What was Henry’s connection to the throne?

Answer 7

His mother - Margaret Beaufort.

Question 8

In what 3 areas did Henry have to exert control to consolidate his power?

Answer 8

1. Nobility.
2. Social threat.
3. Dynastic threat.

Question 9

What 2 images did Henry use for Propaganda?

Answer 9

1. Tudor rose - It is everywhere (churches, buildings and schools).
2. Beaufort Portcullis.

Question 10

How did Henry control nobility.

Answer 10

By Acts of Attainder - Taking property and land of the people and giving it to the crown.

Question 11

Give an example of the Act of Attainder.

Answer 11

Thomas Howard, who fought for Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, Henry attained his lands through the Act of Attainder.
Thomas took an oath of allegiance to earn this land back.

Question 12

What happened to the 10 year old Earl of Warwick in 1485?

Answer 12

He was locked up by Henry as his claim to the throne was stronger than Henry’s.

Question 13

What position was William Stanley elected in 1485?

Answer 13

Chamberlain of the household.

Question 14

When did the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords rebellion occur?

Answer 14

Easter of 1486 in North Yorkshire.

Question 15

What happened in the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords rebellion.

Answer 15

Lovell tried to raise a rebellion where Richard III had the most support - In North Yorkshire.
Simultaneously Stafford tried to raise forces against Henry in Worcestershire.

Question 16

How did Henry deal with the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords rebellion.

Answer 16

• They were quickly squashed by Henry’s army.
• Lovell escaped the kings forces however Stafford was executed. Staffords brother was pardoned.
• The king was both ruthless and kind.

Question 17

Why was the Viscount Lovell and Stafford rebellion not too dangerous?

Answer 17

• There was very little local enthusiasm for the rebellion.
• They didn’t have a proper figure head.
• They were short for money and resources.
• It turned out to be a minor rebellion - Henry however had no heir at the time.

Question 18

What Lady supported Lambert Simnel - Why was it a threat?

Answer 18

• Margaret of Burgundy - Richard III’s sister who hated Henry, She was very rich.
• She paid for mercenaries to support Lambert Simnel and provided troops.

Question 19

In what year was Simnel a threat?

Answer 19

1487.

Question 20

How many troops did Simnel have compared to Henry.

Answer 20

Simnel had 8,000 whereas Henry had 15,000 (minimum).

Question 21

Who was Lambert Simnel.

Answer 21

A young boy who claimed to be the Earl of Warwick - John De La Pole (Earl of Lincolnshire) came up with the idea.

Question 22

Why was Simnel a threat?

Answer 22

• In 1487 King Edward (Simnel) was crowned King in Ireland.
• Which had the support of Margaret of Burgundy.

Question 23

Why was Simnel easy to disprove?

Answer 23

Because the real Earl of Warwick was locked up (He was 12 years old).

Henry had him paraded through the streets of London to prove Simnel was a fraud.

Question 24

What risky move did Henry make to firm his control of the North (Simnel rebellion)

Answer 24

• Placed the Earl of Northumberland in charge there, even though he fought for Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth.
• This neutralised Richards old power base and ensured that the Yorkist Family wouldn’t join the rebellion.
• The Earl of Northumberland was very grateful for the opportunity and served Henry loyally. He helped win over important Yorkist family for Henry (e.g. Howard).

Question 25

When was the Battle of Stoke field (Simnel rebellion)?

Answer 25

June 16th 1487.

• Simnel army arrived in Cumbria and marched through Yorkshire and failed to get any support.

Question 26

How did the Battle of Stoke field end - And why was Henry Nervous?

Answer 26

• Henry had plenty of notice about the planned invasion.
• Henry’s army won (Victory yay!) (Easy win).
• Rebel army was crushed and John De La Pole was killed.
• Half of the Simnel army was killed.
• Henry was nervous as it was a taste of his own medicine.

Question 27

What was the significance of the Battle of Stoke field?

Answer 27

• Ended the War of the Roses officially.
• Henry’s dealing of the crisis was praised.
• Beginning of the policy of using bonds.

Question 28

What happened to Simnel after he was captured?

Answer 28

He was sent to be a kitchen boy at court.

Question 29

From what years was Perkin Warbeck a threat?

Answer 29

1491-1499.

Question 30

Who was Warbeck pretending to be?

Answer 30

Richard Duke of York - The youngest of the 2 princes in the Tower.

Question 31

Which big supporters supported Warbeck?

Answer 31

• Margaret of Burgundy.
• Maximilian I.
• France - Charles VIII.
• Scotland - James IV.

Question 32

What was the outcome of the discovery of William Stanley helping Warbeck?

Answer 32

The creation of the Privy chamber.

Question 33

Key dates regarding Warbeck.

Answer 33

1491 - Began to impersonate the prince.

1495 - Attempted to invade England, he was quickly defeated and fled to Scotland.

1495 - Working with William Stanley.

1496 - Small Scottish force crossed the border on Warbeck’s behalf but retreated.

1497 - Attempted to exploit uncertainties and created by cornish rebel forces but was crushed and he surrended to the King.

Question 34

Was Warbeck a serious threat?

Answer 34

Yes:
- He had foreign support (Scottish, French and Margaret).
- Had been betrayed by Stanley (Lord Chamberlain).
- It went on for a long period of time.

No:
- There was a lack of domestic support, and foreign rules slowly became uninterested. Scottish married Henry’s daughter Margaret.

Question 35

Name of the treaty that France agreed to end support for Warbeck?

Answer 35

The Treaty of Etaples.

Question 36

How did Henry respond to the Warbeck rebellion?

Answer 36

• Used the forcing of the troops to scare the Scottish troops off.
• Treaty of Ayton 1497 - Marriage alliance between James and Henry’s daughter Margaret.

Question 37

When was the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 37

• 1497.
• 15,000 rebels marched close to London.
• Due to the raising of taxed to finance the war against the Scots.
• Defeated at the battle of Blackheath.

Question 38

Perkin Warbeck was captured in what rebellion - How was he treated?

Answer 38

• Cornish rebellion.
• Initially treated nicely but he attempted to escape and therefore was executed in 1499.

Question 39

Who posted the last dynastic threat to Henry VII?

Answer 39

Edmund De La Pole - Earl of Suffolk.

• Brother of John De La Pole (who died in the battle of stoke field).

Question 40

Where was Edmund De La Pole?

Answer 40

He was in the Netherlands.

Under the protection of the Burgundy and Holy Roman Empire.

Question 41

How did Henry manage to get hold of Edmund De La Pole?

Answer 41

Forced Phillip and Joanna of Burgundy to agree to hand him over.

As their shop was forced to shelter in England.

Lead to them agreeing to sign the Treaty of Windsor (Giving up Edmund).

Edmund was imprisoned in the Tower of London.