Henry VII - Consolidation of power Flashcards
Why did Henry date his reign to begin on the 21st of August?
So that anyone who would of fought against him could be accused of treason.
Why was Henrys claim to the throne weak.
- He had 5 generations separating him from the nearest king.
- His claim came from his mothers side which broke the rule of ‘Primogeniture’
- One of his ancestors was illegitimate.
What were Henrys 4 key aims at the beginning of his reign?
- Secure dynasty/Consolidate power.
- Control nobility.
- Protect claim to the throne.
- Create good international relations.
When was the battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485.
What 3 actions did Henry do immediately to legitimise his rise to the throne.
- He predated his reign to the 21st of August.
- Married Elizabeth of York
- Called parliament after being crowned
Why did Henry organise his coronation a week before the meeting of his first parliament.
It showed his right to the throne was hereditary and not based on parliamentary sanction.
What was Henry’s connection to the throne?
His mother - Margaret Beaufort.
In what 3 areas did Henry have to exert control to consolidate his power?
- Nobility.
- Social threat.
- Dynastic threat.
What 2 images did Henry use for Propaganda?
- Tudor rose - It is everywhere (churches, buildings and schools).
- Beaufort Portcullis.
How did Henry control nobility.
By Acts of Attainder - Taking property and land of the people and giving it to the crown.
Give an example of the Act of Attainder.
Thomas Howard, who fought for Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, Henry attained his lands through the Act of Attainder.
Thomas took an oath of allegiance to earn this land back.
What happened to the 10 year old Earl of Warwick in 1485?
He was locked up by Henry in the Tower of London as his claim to the throne was stronger than Henry’s. Let out for occasional public appearances.
What position was William Stanley elected in 1485?
Chamberlain of the household.
When did the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords rebellion occur?
Easter of 1486 in North Yorkshire.
What happened in the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords rebellion.
Lovell tried to raise a rebellion where Richard III had the most support - In North Yorkshire.
Simultaneously Stafford tried to raise forces against Henry in Worcestershire.
How did Henry deal with the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords rebellion.
- They were quickly squashed by Henry’s army.
- Lovell escaped the kings forces however Stafford was executed. Staffords brother was pardoned.
- The king was both ruthless and kind.
Why was the Viscount Lovell and Stafford rebellion not too dangerous?
- There was very little local enthusiasm for the rebellion.
- They didn’t have a proper figure head.
- They were short for money and resources.
- It turned out to be a minor rebellion - Henry however had no heir at the time.
What Lady supported Lambert Simnel - Why was it a threat?
- Margaret of Burgundy - Richard III’s sister who hated Henry, She was very rich.
- She paid for mercenaries to support Lambert Simnel and provided troops.
In what year was Simnel a threat?
1487.
How many troops did Simnel have compared to Henry.
Simnel had 8,000 whereas Henry had 15,000 (minimum).
Who was Lambert Simnel.
A young boy who claimed to be the Earl of Warwick - John De La Pole (Earl of Lincolnshire) came up with the idea.
Why was Simnel a threat?
- In 1487 King Edward (Simnel) was crowned King in Ireland.
- Which had the support of Margaret of Burgundy.
Why was Simnel easy to disprove?
Because the real Earl of Warwick was locked up (He was 12 years old).
Henry had him paraded through the streets of London to prove Simnel was a fraud.
What move did Henry make to firm his control of the North (Simnel rebellion)
- restrained the Earl of Northumberland which helped neutralise Richard’s old power base
- Ensured the traditional Yorkist HOWARD family had no intention of joining the rebellion.
- This neutralised Richards old power base and ensured that the Yorkist Family wouldn’t join the rebellion.
When was the Battle of Stoke field (Simnel rebellion)?
June 16th 1487.
- Simnel army arrived in Cumbria and marched through Yorkshire and failed to get any support.
How did the Battle of Stoke field end - And why was Henry Nervous?
- Henry had plenty of notice about the planned invasion.
- Henry’s army won (Victory yay!) (Easy win).
- Rebel army was crushed and John De La Pole was killed.
- Half of the Simnel army was killed.
- Henry was nervous as it was a taste of his own medicine (usurp to be usurped).
What was the significance of the Battle of Stoke field?
- Ended the War of the Roses officially.
- Henry’s dealing of the crisis was praised.
- Beginning of the policy of using bonds.
- highlighted the instability of the throne and Henry need an heir asap!
What happened to Simnel after he was captured?
He was sent to be a kitchen boy at court.
From what years was Perkin Warbeck a threat?
1491-1499.
Who was Warbeck pretending to be?
Richard Duke of York - The youngest of the 2 princes in the Tower.
Which big supporters supported Warbeck?
- Margaret of Burgundy.
- Maximilian I.
- France - Charles VIII.
- Scotland - James VI
What was the outcome of the discovery of William Stanley helping Warbeck?
The creation of the Privy chamber.
Key dates regarding Warbeck.
1491 - Began to impersonate the prince.
1495 - Attempted to invade England, he was quickly defeated and fled to Scotland.
1495 - Working with William Stanley.
1496 - Small Scottish force crossed the border on Warbeck’s behalf but retreated.
1497 - Attempted to exploit uncertainties and created by cornish rebel forces but was crushed and he surrended to the King.
Was Warbeck a serious threat?
Yes:
- He had foreign support (Scottish, French and Margaret).
- Had been betrayed by Stanley (Lord Chamberlain).
- It went on for a long period of time.
No:
- There was a lack of domestic support, and foreign rules slowly became uninterested. Scottish married Henry’s daughter Margaret.
Name of the treaty that France agreed to end support for Warbeck?
The Treaty of Etaples.
How did Henry respond to the Warbeck rebellion?
- Used the forcing of the troops to scare the Scottish troops off.
- Treaty of Ayton 1497 - Marriage alliance between James and Henry’s daughter Margaret.
When was the Cornish rebellion?
- 1496 - 7
- 15,000 rebels marched close to London.
- Due to the raising of taxed to finance the war against the Scots.
- Defeated at the battle of Blackheath.
Perkin Warbeck was captured in what rebellion - How was he treated?
- Cornish rebellion.
- Initially treated nicely but he attempted to escape and therefore was executed in 1499.
Who posted the last dynastic threat to Henry VII?
Edmund De La Pole - Earl of Suffolk.
- Brother of John De La Pole (who died in the battle of stoke field).
Where was Edmund De La Pole?
He was in the Netherlands.
Under the protection of the Burgundy and Holy Roman Empire.
How did Henry manage to get hold of Edmund De La Pole?
Forced Phillip and Joanna of Burgundy to agree to hand him over.
As their ship was forced to shelter in England. Burgundy we’re going to Scotland.
Lead to them agreeing to sign the Treaty of Windsor (Giving up Edmund and ultimately stopping the Scot’s/England war)
Edmund was imprisoned in the Tower of London.
