Henry VII: Coming to and Securing the throne Flashcards
What type of claim did Henry VII have to the throne?
A weak one
Why was Henry VII’s claim to the throne weak?
It was through his mother who married a descendant of Edward III
Why did Henry’s weak claim present a problem?
It meant that other people could challenge for the crown
When was the Battle of Bosworth ?
22 August 1485
How did Richard III become king?
Usurped the throne from his nephew Edward V
Who was Richard III’s brother?
Edward IV
Where did Henry Tudor grow up?
Pembroke Castle - South Wales
Who did Henry Tudor grow up with? why?
Jasper Tudor - his uncle after his dad died.
Although it was a weak claim, why was it worth a shot?
Was the best claim for the Lancastrians
What divided England in the 15th century?
War of the Roses
How many infantry did Richard have at the Battle of Bosworth?
Around 3,000
Which social group supported Richard but didn’t generally like him?
Nobility
How many troops did Northumberland have for Richard?
Around 4000
Where was Northumberland’s army mainly from?
North
Who was the Duke of Northumberland?
Henry Percy
Who were the Stanley brothers?
William and Thomas
What was the issue with the Stanley brothers?
They never fully committed to one side, they always seemed to swap and go for who was doing better
What personal link did Thomas Stanley have with Henry Tudor?
Married to his mum Elizabeth of York
What was suspicious about the Stanley brothers?
They held talks with Henry days before the Battle of Bosworth
Who helped Henry Tudor with several thousand Welshmen?
Rhys ap Thomas
Who helped Henry Tudor with several thousand Englishmen?
Earl of Oxford
How many troops did the French King give Henry Tudor?
1,800
Where did Henry Tudor go into exile with Jasper?
France
What did Henry not have that Rhys and Earl of Oxford did?
Military experience
What is significant about the day Henry Tudor declares himself Henry VII?
It’s the day before he officially wins the Battle of Bosworth and therefore he can punish anyone who fought against him in the last day
When did Henry declare himself King Henry VII?
21 August 1485
What is significant about Henry VII being officially crowned King before he calls his first parliament?
He is king by right of conquest not right of parliament; it shows he doesn’t need parliament to be king
When is Henry Tudor officially crowned Henry VII?
30 October 1485
When does Henry VII officially call his first parliament?
7 November 1485
What did Henry do with those that fought against him?
Forgave most of them when they swore loyalty as he needed to get them on side with having no actual links to current govt or monarchy with being out of Britain for so long.
What does Henry VII have against Henry Percy, duke of Northumberland (2)?
1) Richard III’s army although he didn’t commit troops to army potentially leading to Richard’s defeat
2) Held important Yorkist positions in the North
What does Henry VII do with Henry Percy?
Imprisoned until 1485
Restored titles when loyalty proven
What does Henry VII have against Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey(2)?
1) Led Richard’s troops at Bosworth
2) His dad died in the battle (may want revenge)
What does Henry VII do with Thomas Howard?
Act of attainder - strips of all titles and land
Reverses once he proves loyalty
How does Thomas Hoard prove his loyalty?
Refuses to escape with the Earl of Lincoln
Name two people Henry rewards for being part of his army?
John Morton
Uncle Jasper Tudor
How is Jasper Tudor rewarded by Henry VII?
Titles;
Lord Justice of Wales
Lieutenant of Ireland
How is John Morton rewarded by Henry VII?
Archbishop of Canterbury now
What type of country is England when Henry VII comes to power and why?
Bitterly divided
Years of civil war.
What are two ways Henry ends the civil war and brings both houses together?
1) Combines both roses to make the Tudor Rose
2) Married Elizabeth of York
What do Elizabeth and Henry do together that displays unity and power?
Travel to all royal houses from London to York?
Why is it significant for Henry VII to travel to York in the beginning?
So people see him as King, no king had travelled before. It was also mainly Yorkist
Who is born in 1486?
Prince Arthur
Why is the birth of their first son, Arthur, significant?
Provides a successor of the Tudor Dynasty
