Henry VII

Question 1

How did Henry defeat the Yorkist threat?

Answer 1

• uses defensive and pragmatic foreign policy e.g. trade embargo with the low countries as M of B supported Simnel
• negotiates handing over of Edmund de la pole in 1506 from Phil of B
• invades france, as Charles VIII was sheltering Warbeck
• utilises bonds +recognisances and acts of attainder to control nobles

Question 2

how significant was the Simnel threat?

Answer 2

• not very, was not executed
• however, he was crowned in Dublin, and marched for several hundred miles to london
• reliant of foreign support
• did come to battle

Question 3

How serious was the Warbeck theat?

Answer 3

• much more serious than Simnel
• warbeck executed
• participated in two cornish risings
• spanned a much longer duration
• also sponsored by foreign yorkists

Question 4

were the Nobles influential during Henry’s reign?

Answer 4

• no
• Henry used acts of attainder, bonds + recognisances to prevent them accumulating power
• no overmighty subjects as they had been wiped out at Bosworth

Question 5

How strong was Henry at the beginning of his reign?

Answer 5

• stronger than he appeared to be
• he had support from Lancastrians, quickly married Eliz. of York, who quickly produced a son, did not have to deal with overmighty subjects
• however, he was a usurper, and his claim to the throne was distant
• relations with the church crucial to establishing himself as god chosen ruler

Question 6

name 4 ways in which Henry’s govt. was successful in bringing about law and order

Answer 6

• used small committees within central govt. with professional classes as key advisors, to control people.
• developed the regional govt. council of the north and wales to enforce control of key areas
• developed ‘Justice of the peace’ role, and elevated lesser nobles, who were more likely to be loyal

Question 7

name ways in which Henry’s government was not successful in bringing about law and order

Answer 7

• failed to maintain control of Ireland outside of the Pale
• JPs were unpopular, and reluctant to enforce law
• Henry still relied on goodwill from the nobles to enforce law

Question 8

name ways in which Henry’s foreign policy towards France was successful

Answer 8

• negotiated the treaty of etaples, where Henry gained a pension and the french promised not to aid pretenders (warbeck)
• England was part of the Holy League with Italy in 1496, against france, but managed to maintain trade deal with france.

Question 9

name ways in which Henry’s relations with France were unsuccessful

Answer 9

• France pulled out of 1508 League of Cambrai, with the netherlands against Spain, leaving england vulnerable
• the October 1492 war with France did not allow Henry to assert his power as ‘lawful heir of France’

Question 10

name ways in which Henry’s relations with Scotland were successful

Answer 10

• failure of Warbeck invasion led to signing of Truce of Ayton in 1497, became peace by 1499
• marriage of Henry’s daughter Margaret to James IV in 1503 prevented full scale war