Henry VII

Question 1

When did Henry VII date the start of his reign?

Answer 1

21nd August 1485

Question 2

When did Henry VII usurp Richard III?

Answer 2

22nd August 1485

Question 3

What battle was this usurpation at?

Answer 3

The Battle of Bosworth

Question 4

Who’s troops became the deciding factor in the battle?

Answer 4

William Stanley’s 3000 strong army who surrounded and killed Richard III

Question 5

When was Henry’s coronation?

Answer 5

October 1485

Question 6

When was Henry’s first parliament?

Answer 6

November 1485

Question 7

What Acts were passed at this first parliament?

Answer 7

~28 Acts of attainder against Yorkists
~Act of Resumption - returned all crown lands given away after 1485
~Granted tonnage + poundage for life

Question 8

When Did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?

Answer 8

January 1486

Question 9

Why was this marriage so important?

Answer 9

Brought together the warring houses, meant any children born would be a combination of both (Tudor)

Question 10

Why was it important that he was crowned before the first parliament and his marriage?

Answer 10

Meant that he was seen as rightful King and didn’t rely on Parliament or his wife for his claim

Question 11

Who did Henry make the lieutenant of the North in 1486?

Answer 11

Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland

Question 12

When was the royal progression to the North?

Answer 12

April 1486

Question 13

What was the aim of the royal progression to the North.

Answer 13

To consolidate his position as King in an area where Yorkist support was strong

Question 14

How many nobles received the Order of the Garter during Henry’s reign?

Answer 14

37 nobles, notably the Earl of Oxford for his help in the BOB

Question 15

How did Peerage change throughout Henry’s reign?

Answer 15

62 in 1485, 42 in 1509

Question 16

How did JP’s power expand through Henry’s reign?

Answer 16

~1485 - power to arrest poachers + hunters
~1491 - Power to grant bail
~1495 - Power to vet juries

Question 17

How many members were in King’s council?

Answer 17

227 attended, only 6 or 7 in working council

Question 18

What was the council comprised of?

Answer 18

Nobility, churchmen and laymen

Question 19

How much patronage did Henry give out?

Answer 19

~3 Earls
~2 viscounts
~8 barons
(Much less than seen under Edward IV)

Question 20

How many acts of attainder did Henry pass during his reign?

Answer 20

138 passed, 46 reversed - more lenient

Question 21

When and why was Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey imprisoned and attained?

Answer 21

1486 - For supporting Richard at BOB

Question 22

Why were TH, Earl of Surrey’s attainders reversed?

Answer 22

1487 - refused to escape with Simnel, led to half reversal of attainders in 1489
1491 + 92 - helped quell both Yorkshire rebellions, complete reversal of attainders

Question 23

What evidence is there to suggest that Henry became more paranoid later in his reign?

Answer 23

Passed 51 attainders between 1504-09

Question 24

When were the laws against retaining passed?

Answer 24

1487

Question 25

Who was significantly fined for illegal retaining?

Answer 25

Lord Burgavenny - convicted 1507 for retaining 471 men, fined just over £70,000 under bond of £5000 over 10 years

Question 26

How many noble families were at Henry's financial mercy?

Answer 26

46 out of 62

Question 27

How many bonds did Henry place in the first 10 years of his reign?

Answer 27

191

Question 28

What were henry's sole requirements for his most important servants?

Answer 28

Loyalty and ability - patronage had to be earned, not automatic privilege of upper class

Question 29

When was the Lovell rebellion and who were the key perpetrators?

Answer 29

1486 - 3 of Richard's supporters, Viscount Lovell, Thomas and Humphrey Stafford

Question 30

What was the aim of the Lovell rebellion?

Answer 30

Attempt to raise an uprising, Lovell in North Yorkshire, Staffords in the midlands

Question 31

What was the outcome of the Lovell rebellion?

Answer 31

Big failure - Lovell fled to Flanders, Staffords tried to reclaim sanctuary in Colchester but rules were changed to mean it was no longer applicable in cases of treason. Humphrey executed but younger Thomas pardoned

Question 32

When was the Simnel rebellion?

Answer 32

1487

Question 33

Who was Lambert Simnel impersonating?

Answer 33

Earl of Warwick who was imprisoned in the tower and believed to be dead

Question 34

How and why did Margaret of Burgandy provide support to Simnel?

Answer 34

Richard III's sister, angry about usurpation. Raised 2000 German + Swiss mercenaries under commander Schwarz

Question 35

Where was the power base for Simnel?

Answer 35

Accepted by General Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare and crowned as King Edward VI in Ireland in May 1487

Question 36

Where and when did the rebels face Henry's troops?

Answer 36

At the Battle of Stoke in June 1487

Question 37

What Key Yorkist figurehead also joined the Simnel rebellion?

Answer 37

John de la Pole

Question 38

What was the result of the battle of Stoke?

Answer 38

Henry had 12,000 men to Pole's 8000 John de la Pole killed Simnel sent to work in Royal Kitchen

Question 39

When was the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 39

1489

Question 40

What was the cause of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 40

£100,000 taxed voted by parliament for war with Brittany, this was considered a southern issue, also hit by bad harvest too much for people

Question 41

Who was murdered after trying to plead with the King for some leeway off the tax

Answer 41

Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland

Question 42

Who led the rebels for the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 42

John Egremont

Question 43

What was outcome of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Answer 43

~Earl of Surrey easily defeated rebels, Egremont fled to Flanders ~No further rebellion but only £27,000 of tax quota raised

Question 44

What period was Perkin Warbeck a threat for?

Answer 44

1491-97

Question 45

Who did perkin Warbeck impersonate?

Answer 45

Richard, Edward's younger son

Question 46

Where did Perkin Warbeck first try to land and what was the outcome?

Answer 46

1491 - lands in Ireland but Kildare didn't give support.

Question 47

Where did Perkin get welcomed after this and why did it break down?

Answer 47

Charles VIII welcomed Warbeck but was expelled after the Treaty of Etaples in 1492

Question 48

Where was he welcomed next?

Answer 48

Burgundy by Margaret and Philip

Question 49

Where and when did Warbeck attempt his first landing and what was the outcome?

Answer 49

Deal, Kent - 150 of army killed and never even disembarked

Question 50

Where did Warbeck arrive in July 1495?

Answer 50

Scotland, welcomed by James IV and was married to James' cousin Catherine Gordon

Question 51

When did a small Scottish force cross the border and what was the outcome?

Answer 51

September 1486 - retreated due to threat of no support and Henry's army

Question 52

When did Kildare become loyal to Henry?

Answer 52

1496

Question 53

Where does Warbeck attempt to land again after he's forced out of Scotland?

Answer 53

Ireland, rejected due to Kildare's loyalty to Henry

Question 54

Where and when was Warbeck's next attempt for power?

Answer 54

Sept. 1497 - Lands End with 120 men, attempt to exploit Cornish rebellion and gain support.

Question 55

What was the outcome of Warbeck's attempt in 1497?

Answer 55

~No support ~Crushed by Daubeney's army in Exeter ~Warbeck surrenders

Question 56

What was the outcome of Warbeck?

Answer 56

Conspired to escape with Earl of Warwick in 1499 and is executed later that year.

Question 57

When was the Cornish Rebellion?

Answer 57

1497

Question 58

What caused the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 58

£120,000 in taxes for war with James IV and Warbeck voted by Parliament, seen as Northern issue.

Question 59

What happened during the Cornish rebellion?

Answer 59

~15,000 rebels marched to London, stopped outside Exeter ~Sept. 1497 - Battle of Blackheath, rebels crushed, 1,000 killed ~Leaders, Michael an Gof and Thomas Flamank executed

Question 60

Who was the last big remaining threat to the throne by 1499?

Answer 60

Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk (The White Rose)

Question 61

Where and when did Edmund de la Pole flee England?

Answer 61

Calais, 1499

Question 62

What was Henry's response to Pole fleeing the country?

Answer 62

Placed 51 attainders on Suffolk's relations

Question 63

When did Suffolk flee to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian?

Answer 63

1501

Question 64

How was Suffolk captured?

Answer 64

Philip's ship wrecked in Port of Weymouth, agrees to hand over Suffolk, in return Henry paid £158,000

Question 65

What was the outcome of Edmund de la Pole?

Answer 65

Imprisoned until 1513 when Henry VIII had him executed

Question 66

What was the crown income when Henry came to the throne?

Answer 66

£12,000 per annum, bankrupt throne

Question 67

What is ordinary revenue?

Answer 67

~Crown lands ~Feudal dues (relief and wardship) ~Customs duties ~Legal system + Profits of justice

Question 68

What is extraordinary revenue?

Answer 68

~Bonds and Recognisances ~Parliamentary taxes/subsidies ~Clerical taxes ~French Pension after 1492 Treaty of Etaples ~Feudal obligations ~Loans and benevolences

Question 69

How did crown land income improve and what is an example?

Answer 69

Rose from £29,000 in 1485 to £42,000 in 1509 All land inherited by houses of Lancaster and York; Earldoms of Richmond, March and Warwick; Duchy of Lancaster, Principality of Wales

Question 70

What was feudal dues (relief)?

Answer 70

Tax paid by heir to receive inheritance

Question 71

how did feudal dues (Wardship) income rise and what were they?

Answer 71

~Control of estates of minors before they come of age ~Sir John Hussey appointed Master of the King's Wards ~Income rose from £350 in 1485 to £6,000 in 1507

Question 72

What was Katherine Dowager Duchess of Buckingham fined for and how much was she fined?

Answer 72

Fined £7,000 in 1496 for marrying without a license

Question 73

How did Customs duties, tonnage (exports) and poundage (imports) income rise during Henry's reign?

Answer 73

£33,000 in 1485 around £40,000 in 1509

Question 74

What is a key example of income from the Legal system and profits of justice?

Answer 74

Attainder of William Stanley brought in £9,000 and £1,000 annually afterwards

Question 75

How much did income from bonds and recognisances increase during Henry's reign?

Answer 75

£3,000 in 1493 to £35,000 in 1505

Question 76

How did gross yield of 15th and 10th tax increase?

Answer 76

£29,000-£31,000