Henry VII Flashcards
When was the battle of Bosworth
22nd august 1485
when did henry backdate his reign to
21st august 1485
when was henrys coronation
30th october 1485
when was henrys first parliament meeting
7th november 1485
How did Henry reward sir william stanley for his loyalty
made him lord chamberlain
when did henry marry elizabeth of york and when was aurthur his son born
january 1486
september 1486
what rewards did henry give jasper tudor for being loyal
made him duke of bedford, chief justice of wales and lord lieutenant of ireland
when did henry go on a royal progress to the north and what was this
april 1486
a tour of the kingdom, he could grant favours
when was the battle of stokefield and who were the rebellers
1487, Lambert Simnel and the Earl of Lincoln
how many troops did lincoln have compare to henry in the battle of stokefield
8000 compared to henrys 12,000
how much did henry give to maximillion to prevent an invasion
£10,000
how much did henry loan phillip of burgandy in 1505
£140,000
how much did henry earn from the treaty of etaples and in exchange for what
£160,000
english troops had to leave france
what were attainders
special laws passed by parliament which allowed someone to be declared guilty of treason without a trial
how many attainders did henry grant during his reign, how many were reversed
138, 46
what happened regarding thomas howards attainder
he fought for richard iii, so he lost his title as earl of surrey. he regained this title in 1489 but had to pay with 10 years of service to henry
what is patronage
the granting of special favours by the monarchs, such as land or positions at court to retain loyalty
how many earls did henry create compared to edward iv
1 compared to 9
what was retaining
the practise of nobles keeping a large number of men as their personal staff
what law did parliament pass in 1504 against retaining
nobles were required to get a special license to retain large numbers of men, fined £5 a month per illegal retainer
what were financial bonds
loans the nobles were forced to take out by the crown that had to be paid back
how many people attended henrys council during his reign
227
what was the role of court and household
to show off wealth
what was the households role and who supervised it
courtiers and guests that looked after the king, that were supervised by the lord steward.
who was in charge of the chamber
the lord chamberlain
what did sir william stanley do in 1495 to betray henry, what did it lead to
got involved in the perkin warbeck plot, led to the creation of the privvy chamber
who was apart of the house of lords
lords spiritual (bishops)
lords temporal (nobility)
who was apart of the house of commons
2 mps per county
2mps per borough
representatives from the 2 unis
what were the 2 main roles of parliament
pass laws and grant taxation to the king
how many times did henry call parliament in the first 10 years and why
5, to ensure his legitimacy
what was extraordinary taxation
taxation granted to the king by parliament to fund wars
what was henrys dog breed that was a show of wealth
a richmond greyhound
how much money / goods did henry leave when he died
£10,000 cash
£300,000 in plates and jewels
what patronage did henry grant thomas stanley
earl of derby
what happened regarding lord burgavennys financial bond
1507, he was charged with illegally retaining 471 men, so was fined £70,000
what was the purpose of the council learned
to ensure laws worked effectively
give two members of the council learned
reginal bray and richard empson
how much did sir thomas tyrell have to pay to reverese his attainder
£1700
when was the star chamber act and what did the star chamebr do
1487
prossecuted anyone who behaved rebelliously and it was also used as a court of appeal
when was the act of ressumption and what did it do
1486, recovered all land, offices and revenues lost to the yorkists since 1455
what was the annual income from crown lands for henry compared to richard iii
henry - £40,000 annually
richard - £23,000 annually
how much did the number of nobles drop by in henrys reign
1/4
57 -> 44
what was the population for england in 1485
3.2 million
what was the english owned land in france
calais
what was frances population in 1485
around 15 million
when was the brittany crisis
1487 - 1492
who did henrys 3 children marry, when and where were they from
arthur - catherine of aragon, spanish, 1501
henry - catherine of aragon, spanish, 1501
margaret - james IV of scotland, 1503
example of a failed treaty with details
- treaty of redon 1489
- with brittany
- Duchess Anne of Brittany would pay for a 6000 english man army to defend against France
- Failed because she was forced to marry charles VIII of France in Dec 1491 and france invaded
when was the treaty of medina del campo and who was it with
march 1489
spain
what happened within the treaty of medina del campo
- spain and england would work together to defend their land and would go to war on France to recover lost land (nromandy for example)
- they promised to not make agreements with france without consulting eachother
- equal trading rights for merhcants from both countries
when was the intercursus magnus trade treaty and who was it with
1496, burgandy
what did the intercursus magnus trade treaty do
ended the trade embargo (specifically with the netherlands) that occured because of warbeck being sheltered by phillip of burgandy
what percentage of the english population was rural in 1485
90%
how much of englands exports were cloth
90%
who were the merchants of staple
company that controlled the export of wool
who were the merchant adventurers
trade organisation which becamse domintant with londons cloth trade with antwerp
what was the hanseatic league
a group of free cities which formed a commercial union that controlled trade in the baltic sea
what was the most common form of farming in the lowland zone (south and east of england)
mixed farming
how much did cloth exports increase by under henry
60%
what did finishing cloth do
increase its quality by weaving and dying
give an example of a town that made lots of money because of the cloth trade
lewes, sussex
what was enclosure
fencing land off and getting rid of this lands common rights for farming
how much of land was enclosure during henrys reign
3%
what idea (law) did parliament implement to prevent enclosure, and when
1489
the idea that enclosure would lead to a breakdown of law and order
what coin did henry implement as a form of propoganda and when
the gold sovereign 1489
when were the 2 navigation acts and what did they do
1485 and 1489
encourage english shipping by ensuring only english ships could carry certain products to and from english ports
what did purchasing power increase from and to from 1490-99
93 ->103
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how did the hanseatic league maintain commercial privillages
violent clashes
how many towns made up the hanseatic league in 1375 compared to 1450
77 -> 200+
what was the capital of the hanseatic league, what happened here
lubeck, meetings were held
why did the hanseatic league defend england before henry
in return for trading privillages
why did relations break down between the hanseatic league and england when henry came to power, give an example
merchant adventurers tride to trade in the hanseatic leagues areas
bristol fishermen tried to sail directly to iceland to fish instead of only being able to buy it
how many knights were there in 1490
400
how much of english land did knigts and peers own
20%
how did henry use the church to run the country
he appointed bishops and those who had legal training
when was the yorkist rebellion and why did it happen
1489
yorkists didnt want to pay the taxation to finance english troops in brittany
who was murdered during april 1489 in the yorkist rebellion, why
earl of northumberland for trying to collect the tax
was the yorkist rebellion a success
to an extent
- they didnt have to pay the tax
- henry did defeat the rebellion
- appointed early of surrey to control the area
when was the cornish rebellion and why did it happen
1497
they didn’t want to pay tax to finance the campaign against scotland
how was the cornish rebellion threatening
there were 15000 troops and they made it to blackheath (near london)
was the cornish rebellion a success
not really, henry crushed the rebellion with an army of 25,000 men
what laws did henry introduce in 1486 to correct moral decay within the church
laws against
- sexual offenses of the clergy
- evils of simony (paying your way into the church)
how many heretics (people refusing teachings of the church) did henry condem during his reign and what happened to them
100, they apologised so were spared
what did the pope create for henry in 1486
Innocent VIII (the pope) produced the dispensation for henrys marriage to elizabeth of york
how did henry claim the support of the pope
john morton worked on behalf of henry in rome
how many of the 27 bishops were promoted lawyers
21
what did henry secure to stop the abuse of sanctuary (seeking saftey from the church) and when
a papal bull in 1487 August
who was the largest landowner in the country after the king
the church
how many monks and nuns made up the church
10,000
how much did 75% of parish priests earn
less than £15 per annum (not a lot)
how much did 2/3 of the bishops earn
over £500 per annum (lots)
how did the church help henry economically
they raises lots of money through clerical taxation
how many nuneries were then in england
130
what did henry donate to the church after his victory at stoke in 1487
a statue of himself
what did henry found to help the london poor
the savoy hospital
what did the pope do to those who rebelled against henry
excommunicated them
what was humanism
wanting to establish the reliabilty of latin and greek translations to purify their ideas
who were two humanist scholars
john colet and desiderius erasmus
what did john colet do for humanism
was dean of st pauls school in 1512, wanted to reform the church from within
what did desiderius erasmus do for humanism
wrote “the handbook of a christian scholar” in 1514 which educated on traditional church ceremonies
how many new grammer schools were founded during henrys reign
53
where were mystery plays perofomed
during the feasts of corpus chrisi in cities like york and lincoln
how many musical compositions did the eton choirbook from 1505 have
93
who were 2 influential composers
thomas browne and robert fayrfax
what style were churchs built in
the gothic perpendicular style
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