Henry VII Flashcards
When did Suffolk flee to Flanders?
1498
Did he come back and did he flee again?
Yes but it was short lived he left again 1501
Where did he go to?
court of emperor maximilian
What treaty was signed 1506?What did it say?
Treaty of Windsor- friendly relations-Maxi would give back Suffolk
What happened to Suffolk?
He was imprisoned in the tower of london
What did Henry VIII do to him?
executed him for treason in 1513?
Who was the next threat?
Edmund de la pole?
When did he die?
Whilst fighting with the french forces in the battle of Pavia in 1525?
Who did the king rule with?
A council of advisers who supported him in making key decisions?
How many people were at Henry’s court during his reign and how much actual working council?
227
5-7
Did the council have any rules and procedures?
No even though it was a permanent body with a core membership
What were the 3 main roles o the council?
Advise the king
administer the realm on his behalf
to make legal decisions
Did the council ever meet sepeartely?
Yes to deal with key administrative concerns when the king wasn’t present
Who were the ‘professional council’
They were Robert and Dudley and they didn’t see themselves as courtiers and dealt with legal and administrative matters in London when the key was elsewhere.
What did the importance of the council depend on?
Its offshoot the council learned.
Key members such as Bray.
When was the Council Learned developed?
The second half of Henrys reign under the leadership of Bray.
What was the role of the Council Learned?
Maintain kings revenue and exploit his prerogative rights.
Which system did the Council learned make effectively?
Bonds and recognises.
Why was the council learned feared?
It wasnt a recognised court of law and those who came before it couldnt appea;
What did it show about the kings will
Expressed the kings will which was important in maintaining his authority and raising finances.
Who was Bray’s associate?
Empson
What did Empson show?
His ruthless approach showed the overall behaviour of the Council Learned
Who did Empson join when Bray died?
Bray died in 1503-he joined Dudley.
How were the pair seen? And what did they used to do?
feared duo-they used to extract money from the kings subjects to a fine art
Did they have enemies if so who?
Yes Thomas Lovell and Bishop Fox - they kicked them out when Henry died
How did people react when they were removed?What did it show?
Rejoicing in the streets showed how unpopular their financial control became.
Whose royal court did Henry get influenced by? What did wealth indicate?
Wealth indicated power- Henry was influenced by court of Burgundy and France
Where was the royal court?
Everywhere the king was.
What was shown to the courtiers at the royal court?
The power of the monarchy
What was distrubuted?
Rewards and statuses to those who were more deserving
What could be attainted at the royal court?
Advancements could be attained
What could be obtained?
King and other influential people could be obtained which was good for a legal problems.
What were the 2 levels of court?
Household proper
Chamberlain
What was the house hold proper?
Responsible for looking after the king,courtiers , guests and other hangers on
Who supervised this area?
Lord Steward
What was the Chameberlain
Politically important part of the chamber
What was the job of Lord Chamberlain?
Influential courtiers - his position was powerful and had considerable trust.
What did Lord Chamberlain do which was a blow for Henry?
1495-involved in a treasonable plot with Perkin Warbeck.
What did Henry do in response to this?
He reshaped the chamber-and created the privy chamber he was now protected by his most trusted servants.
How did it change the character of the court?
It meant that those who had lost his royal favour would struggle to regain kings support. He cut himself from those traditional contacts in court.
What did Parliament comprise of?
House of commons and House of Lords
Why weren’t they the centre of government?
They had only met occasionally.
What were its two functions?
Pass laws and grant taxation to the crown.
What was its other role?
Local grievances and issues could be passed to kings officials could be passed on by local members of Parliament.
How did Henry demonstrate his right to rule.
He was the only one who could call Parliament.
How much times did Henry call Parliament in his reign?
5in the first 10 years.
2 in the last 14 years.
7 total.
What did his first few parliaments discuss and what did they give him?
National security and raising revenue.
Acts of Attainder- if you were guilty then there is no trial
if you are dead then property would go to the crown.
What is extra ordinary revenue used for?
extra money used to enable the king the wage war.
What is the most common extra ordinary revenue?
Fifths and tenths.
What were the fractional taxes? When were they created and how much did they generate?
Fractional taxes of fifteenths and tenths. Made between 1487-1497 yielded £203,000.
What was the prime responsibility of the king?
Maintain law and order.
Why was this important?
Without law and order then there could lead to a raise in uprisings and enemies could exploit this and lead Henrys throne being lost.
What did the king rely on?
Well placed members of the nobility. To exercise his power on his behalf.
What was Henry cautious of?
The nobility would become too powerful they might challenge his own throne.
Why did Henry not enjoy the luxuries enjoyed by Edward?
He divided the countries into spheres of influences. And put a magnate in charge of each area.
What happened in 1489 which meant Henry was left without a significant noble?
Murder of the latter?
What did Henry do which was a high risk?
He sent the Earl of Surrey to the north to rule it on Henrys behalf
Why was it risky?
Because he was a known supporter of Richard III and he was going to an area of Richards supporters
Was Surrey good?
Yes- effective service for 10 years proved loyal.
What did he rely on for the next of the countries?
People he trusted like Earl of Oxford and Lord Daubeney but they lacked the skills of being a great noble.
What did he rely on elsewhere?
Those who he hadn’t trusted such as Marquis of Dorset.
How was his lack of trust demonstrated?
Henry had employed a network of spies there task was to report on nobles behaviour and the imposition of bonds and recognisances.
Which level did Henry rely on justice of peace?
Local level
How often did the JPS meet?
4 times a year
What was their role?
Maintain law and order in the countryside.
Who usually were JPS?
royal officials
Who were other JPS?
Local gentry who fulfilled their unpaid tasks either as a sense of duty
Some thought in doing so it will open a path to a greater advancement or local prestige.
What did Henry use to restore law and order?
Bonds and recognises
We’re bonds and recognises all evil?
No some of them were genuine debts owed to the crown and some were purely political
What did Edmund dudley believe about Henry’s bonds and recognises?
Henry wished to have many people in danger at his pleasure
what are the 4 ways crown for income?
customs rev
pensions form foreign powers
extra ordinary revenue
crown lands
What 2 things were assumed about Henry about his finances?
Miserly king and didn’t throw his money around (waste) like other foregin leaders
What was Henry VII successful at doing for his son?
Transformed royal finances by leaving a vast amount of money for his son.
Which rebellion was the longest for Henry?
Perkin 8 years
Which rebellion was the money costly?
Warbeck
Which rebellion caused Henry to go
to battle?
Lambert Simnel
Who was the countries largest landowner and why was this good?
Henry- lots of crown income
How much did income drop at the start of Henry’s reign and why?
£12,000 this was because income from crown lands were administered by the inefficient court of exchequer.
What did Henry do about this?
He changed the system of administration to the royal household instead of administrative department.
What was the royal household?
Policies were formed and decisions made
What was the impact of the change in administrative systems?
It raised crown income by £42,000 due to the effective’s treasures of the Chamber such as thomas lovell and james heron
What year did Henry decide to change the system?
1492
What was wardship?
the crown could gain profits on properties held by a minor
What was feudal aids?
If your eldest son was knighted or your eldest daughter was married then you’d be taxed
what did landowners find irritating?
you had to pay on the death of a feudal tenant in chief
What was the statue is uses 1489 cut you off from doing?
making landed property to be turned into trusts because these weren’t taxed
How did customs revenue raise revenue
tonnage and poundage was given to Henry for the rest of his life. Giving him from £34k-£38k annual revenue.
how did pensions from other powers raise revenue?
Treaty of Etaples 1492 french gave english pensions for the cost henry vii starting forces to invade france . £5000 per year
How did Profits of justice raise revenue?
Fines and income from bonds. however these represented the potential henry could receive than how much he actually got. He was promised £200,000 but never received it.
How did extra ordinary revenue raise revenue?
Henry received over £400,000 from extra ordinary taxation.
What problems did extra ordinary taxation cause?
provoked rebellions in 1489 and 1497. Henry had to promise parliament of 1504 not to raise any money through this method.
What did Parliament and Convocation of canterbury offer henry? Year?
1489- Parliament granted henry a subsidy of £75,000 and additional £25,000 by the Convocation of canterbury on behalf of the clergy.
How much plate and jewel and cash did Henry leave at the end of his reign?
£300,000 plate and jewel did
and £10,000 in cash.
What bad things came out of Henry focuses on his revenues?
The main victims of his policies were nations landowners. Especially those whose support henry needed in the event of his throne being threatened
