Henry VII 1485–1509 Flashcards
what happened in 1485?
- Henry VII takes throne following victory at Battle of Bosworth
- Henry’s first parliament
How did Henry VII’s background prepare him for kingship?
- member of Duke of Brittany’s court
- Could observe court politics as an outsider, treated normally
- learned how people treated those in charge- only surrounds himself with most trusted
- Became distrustful to pretenders due to this experience
Why did Henry backdate his reign?
- accused those who supported/ fought for Richard III at BofB (22nd August 1485) of committing treason
How did Henry VII use incentives to control the nobility?
- used patronage less than his predecessors; Jasper Tudor was made Duke of Bedford
- Created 37 Knights of the Garter, who were given prestige but not land
- 5 Key councillors on the King’s Council had supported Henry before Bosworth: Bray, Daubeney, Guildford, Lovell and Riselly
How did Henry VII use punishments to control the nobility?
- Passed 138 Acts of Attainder (declares people guilty with no trial) and only reversed 46
- Used Feudal Dues (obligations of nobility) e.g. Duchess of Buckingham was fined with £6000 in 1507 for marrying without Henry VII’s permission.
-1486- Acts of Resumption withdrew Crown Lands lost during Wars of Roses - 1487 and 1504 Acts against retaining (practice used by noblemen to keep many men as personal staff) ; nobles had to gain a license personally from Henry VII to retain
- 36 out of 62 noble families under Bonds and Recognisances by the end of Henry VII’s reign
What happened in 1486?
- Henry marries Elizabeth of York
- Lovell rebellion
- Birth of Prince Arthur
what happened in 1487?
- Imposture of Lambert Simnel
- Defeat of the Earl of Lincoln in the Battle of Stoke
- Export of unfinished cloth by foreign merchants banned
What happened in 1489?
- Murder of Earl of Northumberland and Yorshire rising
- Treaty of Redon
- Treaty of Medina Del Campo
What happened in 1491?
- Beginning of imposture by Perkin Warbeck
- Birth of Prince Henry
- War against France
What happened in 1492?
Treaty of Etaples
What happened in 1494?
Poynings appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland
What happened in 1495?
- Execution of Sir William Stanley
- Introduction of the Council Learned in Law under the leadership of Sir Reginald Bray
- Creation of Privy Chamber
what happened in 1496?
Intercursus Magnus treaty signed
What happened in 1497?
- Cornish rebellion
- Surrender of Warbeck
What happened in 1499?
- Execution of the Earl of Warwick and of Warbeck
What happened in 1501?
Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
What happened in 1502?
Death of Prince Arthur
What happened in 1503?
- Death of Sir Reginald Bray
- Marriage of Princess Margaret to James IV of Scotland
What happened in 1506?
- Treaty of Windsor
- Intercursus Malus treaty agreed
What happened in 1509?
- Death of Henry VII and accession of Henry VIII
- Empson and Dudley arrested
- Henry VIII’s coronation
- Marriage of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
Council Learned in Law
- dealt with financial debts and affairs, becoming key in maintaining and ensuring obedience.
- Empson and Dudley’s use of extortion meant that Henry VII became unpopular- their execution in 1510 was greeted with rejoicing in the streets
Parliament
- Only called parliament 7 times
- Henry VII was coronated on 30th Oct 1485, before he called Parliament for the first time (7th Nov 1485) to assert his authority as a monarch who could rule without Parliament
Problems for HVII
-Nobles ;wealth and territorial power making them potential rivals to the throne
- Uneven Crown control; strong control in pop areas looser in boarderlands + underdeveloped system of local admin
- Poor Crown finances: depleted by wars (internal+external)