Henry Tudors Consolidation Of Power Flashcards
How did Richard III rise to the throne, and in suspicious circumstances? Pre 1485
Richard III (Duke of Gloucester) acting as protector to Edward V in 1483, imprisoned Edward and his younger brother, Richard, in the tower and probably had them murdered. The act is known as USURPATION
Battle of Bosworth date
22 August 1485
Through whom did Henry VII claim to throne come? - pre 1845
Henry’s claim to the throne came through a subsequent marriage of John of Gaunt (creating the Beaufort family) and an illegitimate child resulting from Owen Tudor and the wife of Henry V, Catherine of valois
Why was Henry VII’s claim to the throne weak? - pre 1485
Henry’s claim to royalty came through an illegitimate child of the wife of a monarch ( a female line) and also through a very weak claim ri john of gaunt both claims were extremely tenuous
How did the balance of Bosworth tilt in Henry’s favour?
Having been under pressure of attack from Richards forces and those of the Stanleys, Thomas Stanley, Henry’s stepfather, decisively changes sides and forced his troops on Richard, leading to his demise
Who proclaimed Henry to be king at Bosworth
Lord Tomas Stanley, his stepfather
When did Henry arrive in london? How did Henry attempt to gain the approval of the public after Richard III’s death and when?
Henry arrived in london on 3rd September 1485. He wooed the public with pageantry and ceremony
Why is it no surprise that Henry was accepted as king following the death of Richard?
By the time of Bosworth, Richard had become so unpopular due to his cruel ways and his usurpation of his nephew that the public ( apart from the Yorkists and their supporters) were happy he had been deposed and it mattered not who his replacement was
Henry’s upbringing was not to be-a ruler . Why?
When he was 14 1431 . Edward IV became king again following victory in battle in the war of the roses. Henry was forced into exile, fearful of execution, as a fugitive in Brittany for 14 years , where he lived around the court
How might Henry’s experience of the court at Brittany have Benefited him? - pre 1485
Henry was able to observe the inner workings of the court - both how a court should and shouldn’t be run . He was paid little attention so could slip under the radar
How was Henry’s position as an exile, in fear of capture, beneficial in shaping his character - pre 1485?
Henry was able to act very secretly, hiding his thoughts and feelings as well as developing a lack of trust which marked his rule as being ruthless and calculating in his decision making.
When did Henry date his reign from in his first parliament? Why did he do this
Henry dated his reign 21st august 1845 a day before the battle of Bosworth to effectively brand anyone who had opposed him as a traitor who committed treason
How did Henry maintain the loyalty id supporters at Bosworth? Give examples
Henry conferred 11 knighthoods , giving other tirles ro notable suporters:
- made William Stanley: lord chamberlain and his uncle Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford
How did he deal with Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth of york
Henry detained both of these Yorkists, imprisoning the Earl of Warwick , permanently who could be seen to have a greater claim than himself. He later married Elizabeth to unite the 2 roses
How did Henry reward his supporters in terms of government?
Henry made Sir William Stanley his lord chamberlain, effectively the head of his household government. Sir Reginald Bray was made chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster.
On what date was Henry’s coronation?
30th October 1485
On what date was Henry’s first parliament? - consolidation
7th November 1485
What was the significance of having his first parliament after his coronation - consolidation
Having his first parliament after the coronation was significant as only the king could call parliament, demonstrating how he was the monarch based on hereditary right and not due to parliamentary approval
What where acts of attainder - how where they used? - consolidation
Acts of Attainder were acts passed by parliament at the kings request to remove as titles and lands from an individual (who had been disloyal to Henry) as well as to disinherit their heirs. All went to the crown
When did Henry marry elizibeth of York?why was this important after his coronation as king? - consolidation
Henry marries Elizabeth in January 1486. By waiting until after his coronation to marry her, he ensure that any claim to the throne was made through him, and not dismissed as due to him being married yo the daughter of Edward IV
What was the political benefit of Henry and Elizabeth marriage in 1486? Who was the living embodiment of the Tudor rose? - consolidation
Henrys marriage to Elizabeth signifies the unification of the houses of York and Lancaster and seal the end of the war of the roses. The Tudor Rose was created as a result (emblem)
Prince Arthur, the child of Henry and Elizabeth, was the embodiment of the Tudor Rose
When did the Lovell rebellion tale place? Who helped him? Where was this rebellion- consolidation
The Lovell rebellion led by Viscount Lovell occurred in Easter 1486, in the traditional Yorkist Heartland of the North Rising of Yorkshire, assisted by Humphrey Stafford
Why did the Lovell rebellion fail? How were the perpetrators dealt with? - consolidation
The lovell rebellion lacked any sort of foreign support and, crucially, drew little support from traditional Yorkist heartlands (NRoY/Midlands)
Henry failed to capture Lovell at the time, so he lived but Humphrey Stafford was executed, perhaps setting an example for other rebellions
When did the lambert simnel conspiracy occur ? Who did he draw patronage from and in what form? Who was his key Yorkist supporter? - consolidation
The lambert simnel conspiracy happened in 1487. He drew patronage from Margaret of Burgundy, the sister of Richard III. She supplied a force of mercenaries to help their cause.
Simnel was also aided by John de la Pole, a Yorkist claimant who was Richard III’s heir.
Who was Lambert simnel? What was the issue with his supposed identity? - consolidation
Simnel was a pretender to the throne, posing as the Earl of Warwick. Henry had the actual Earl of Warwick imprisoned so in response to this threat he exhibited the detained Warwick in london.
How did Henry attempt to deal with the threat posed by Simnel PRIOR to simnel’s arrival. - consolidation
Henry took the risk of reinstating the risky earl of Northumberland, a Yorkist sympathiser, into power on the North of England to prevent John DLP and Simnel from raising an army of Richard III’s supporters.
When was the battle of Stoke field?- consolidation
The battle of stoke field took place on the 16th june 1487.
who led the army at the battle of stoke field
henry’s army was effectivley led by the Earl of Oxford - Lincoln killed in batle
what did the battle of stoke end?
Arguably ended the war of the Roses
What happened to Simnel and Earl of Lincoln (john DLP) after the battle? - consolidation
Simnel was at first imprisoned, but Henry later showed mercy, employing him in the kitchens of the royal household. Earl of Lincoln was killed in battle, crucially removing a major threat to Henry.
Why was Henry nervous about the outcome of Stoke Field? Why did the Yorkist forces not prevail? - consolidation
Henry was nervous about his chances at Stoke field as he was wary of the fact he could be double crossed by yorkists now fighting for the Tudor cause.
Yorkist side crucially could not add to their Burgundian mercenaries with English support, therefore lacking the power to defeat Henry.
Who was Perkin Warbeck? What ability made Warbeck such a threat? - consolidation
Perkin Warbeck was a cloth trader from Flanders, who, posed as Richard, Duke of York. Warbecks ability to draw patronage from foreign rulers was crucial to his threat.
