Henry The 7th Flashcards
Who are the nobles?
Rich landowners
Who are the gentry?
The middle ranks of society but still wealthy
What was the role of parliament and finance in Tudor times?
To get consent for taxation
What was the main source of farming?
Arable farming
What is the ‘great chain of being’?
That society was structured with wealth
What is the ‘Divine right of the Kings’?
That the monarch was chosen by god and ruling on behalf of him
What year did Henry VII become king?
1485
Who stole the crown off Edward V in the tower?
Richard III
What side was Richard III on?
York
What year was the battle of Bosworth?
1485
Who went head to head in the battle of Bosworth?
Richard III and Henry VII
Who did Henry VII kill in the battle of Bosworth?
Richard III
Who did Henry VII marry in 1486?
Elizabeth of York
What did Henry VII and Elizabeth of York’s’ marriage create?
A Tudor dynasty
Why was Richard III unpopular?
He was made suspicious about the princes in the tower
Who did Henry VII live in refuge with?
The Duke of Brittany
What were the 4 problems faced by Henry VII early on in his reign?
Threats to legitimacy
Increasing power of the nobels
Financial struggles
Yorkist uprisings
What date was the battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
What were the Acts of Attainder?
Laws passed by parliament seizing land and titles as punishment
What are tonnage and poundage?
Tax on imports and goods
What is papal dispensation?
Official permission from the pope
What is a Lord Chamberlain?
Most senior official of the Royal Household (court)
What is being detained
Being kept safe in the tower of London
In 1485 how many knighthoods did Henry VII give out?
11
What was Sir William Stanley promoted to?
Lord Chaimberlain
Why did Henry VII put his coronation before the first parliament met?
To show that he was put in hereditary claim and in God’s will
What was the name of Henry VII first son?
Prince Arthur
What year was the Yorkshire rebellion?
1489
What was the root causes of the Yorkshire rebellion?
It was to fund a war with Brittany and they didn’t want to pay for it
Who did Henry VII send to stop the Yorkshire rebellion?
Earl of Northumberland
What happened to the Earl of Northumberland in the Yorkshire rebellion?
He was murdered
What year was the Cornish rebellion?
1497
What was the root cause of the Cornish rebellion?
The funding of a war in the north that did not impact them
Where did the Cornish rebellion march from and to?
Bodmin in Cornwall to Blackheath
How many supporters did the Cornish rebellion have?
15,000
What were the two popular rebellions?
The Yorkshire and Cornish
What was the Lord and Lovell and Stafford rebellion about?
To overthrow Henry VII and replace with an unspecified Yorkist claimant
Who did Henry VII send to pardon the rebels of the Lovell and Stafford?
His uncle Jasper Tudor
What was the Lambert Simnel rebellion about?
He claimed to be the Earl of Warrick and was supported by nobels
Why did the Lambert Simnel rebellion fail?
Henry VII put the real Earl of Warrick on show
How old was Lambert Simnel?
12
How long did the Perkin Warbeck rebellion go on for?
8 years
Who did Perkin Warbeck claim to be?
Richard of York
Why did Henry VII execute Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warrick?
Treason and plotting together
Why did the dynastic and popular rebellions fail?
Lack of support
Poor Organisation
Lack of alternative claimant
Why were the nobility important?
They maintained social order, raised revenue for the crown, powerful in status and wealth
Who are the magnates?
The most powerful nobels
What did Henry VII gave titles in return of?
Loyalty and support
What are bonds and recognizances?
Payment to ensure loyalty
What are the laws against retaining?
Limiting the number of soldiers allowed per noble
What are JPs?
Justices of the peace who maintained public order and law
Roughly how many JPs were there per country?
18
What did Henry VII do on nobles he did not trust?
Use a spy network
What year was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?
1486
What year was the Lambert Simnel rebellion?
1487
What year was the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?
1491-99
What year was the De La Poles rebellion?
1501-06
What is the Kings Council?
The group of advisors that helped him make decisions
What is the star chamber?
The court system where even the highest nobles could be tried
What is the royal household?
The group of people who moved around with the king
What was the role that the Kings closest confidant had?
Groom of the stool
What were the two main functions of Parliament
To pass laws, to raise taxes requested by the kings
Who sat in the House of Commons?
Two MPs elected by nobles
Who sat in the House of Lords?
Bishops and Peers
Who is the Pope?
Head of the Church
What do Cardinals do?
Elect the Pope
Who are the two Bishops?
Canterbury and York
How many church’s were there?
8,000
How much of the population were monks and friars?
1%
Why did people go and pray together?
It was more powerful than praying alone
What is transubstantiation?
When the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ
How much land did the church own?
1/3
Why did people donate money to the church?
To spend less time in purgatory
What was Henry VII’s relationship with the Church?
Positive as he relied on churchmen to be his advisors
What is Erastiansim?
The King had authority over the church and the state
What year did Henry VII declare obedience to the church?
1485
What is Ecclesiastical jurisdiction?
The church had its own legal system and Henry VII had no influence on this
What is praemunrie?
Placing the authority of a foreign power above the King
What is the court of audit?
Monitors government spending
What are feudal dues?
One off payments for relief, marriage and wardship
What are legal dues?
Payment when someone appeared in court
What are one off feudal dues?
One off payments form the nobility like when his sons were knighted
What are clerical taxes?
Taxes the king could force the church to make
What are parliamentary taxes?
Taxes to grant royal polcies like war
What is a miser?
Someone who hoards money
What was stage one of Henry VII foreign policy?
Developing dimplomacy
What was stage 2 of Henry VII foreign policy?
Successful diplomacy
What was stage 3 of Henry VII foreign policy?
Security under threat
What year was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?
1489
What happened with the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?
Spain and England bethroved Cathrine of Aragon (3) and Prince Arthur (2)
What year was the Brittany crisis?
1487-92
What was the cause of the Brittany crisis?
The french wanted Charles of France to marry Anne but the Duke arranged to marry Anne to Emperor maxmillan
How many men did Henry VII send during the Brittany crisis?
500
What year was the Treaty of Readon?
1489
What was the Treaty of Readon?
Breton paid for Henry to send 6,000 men
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
Charles of France promised to not support Yorkist rebels and to pay Henry the equivalent of £5,000 a year
What year was the Treaty of Etaples?
1492
What year did England join the Holy Leauge?
1496
On what terms did Henry VII join the Holy League?
That he would not have to go to war with France
What year was the Intercrusus Magnus?
1496
What was the Intercurses Magnus?
A trade treaty between England and Burgundy which resumed normal trading links after the trade embargo was placed on Burgundy
What year was the end of the Perkin Warbeck rebellion in Henry VII’s foreign policy?
1497
What did Henry VII appoint his son to?
Lieutenant of Ireland
Who ran as Prince Arthurs deputy in the end of the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?
Edward Poynings
What year was the Truce of Ayton?
1497
Who was the Truce of Ayton between?
James IV of Scotland and Princess Maragret
What year did Prince Aruthur get married to Cathrine of Aragon?
1501
What year did Prince Arthur die?
1502
What year did Queen Elizabeth die?
1503
What year did Isabella of Castile die?
1504
What year was the Treaty of Windsor?
1506
What year was the Malus Intercursus?
1506
What is the Treaty of Windsor?
Philip of Burgundy had to hand over the last remaining threat
What is the malus Intercursus? (J)
Prince Henry would marry Philip of Burgundy’s sister
What year was Henry VII exclusion form the League of Cambrai?
1508
How much was cloth trade responsible for English exports?
90%
Who were the wealthiest and influential trading company?
The Merchant Aventurers
What was the relationship between The Merchant Adventurers and Henry VII?
Strong as he relied on them in negotiating peace treaties
What were the navigation acts?
Forbade English merchants from loading their goods onto foreign ships if an English one was available
In 1490 how many knights were there?
375
What was the most important aim for the gentry with social status?
To gain a knighthood to confirm their status
Who were Yeomen?
They were successful farmers who were rich enough to be able to afford labourers to do the heavy farming jobs
What did the Black Death from 1448 to 1449 do to the demand for land?
It dropped and it lead to the emergence of Yeomen class
Who were below the Yeomen class in the social scale?
Husbandmen
Who are the Husbandmen?
They kept smaller land and often had to supplement their incomes by working for the Yemomen
In towns, who were the ‘middling sort’?
Educated professionals such as lawyers and wealthy merchants
What was Henry VII’s relationship with skilled lawyers and merchants?
Strong as he relied on lawyers to help him rule the country and merchants for advice with trading
What are the two types of labourers?
Urban and rural
What was the role of rural labourers?
Do the heavy back breaking jobs and could often graze their own animals and grow vegetables
What was enclosure?
It was when lands were closed off from common grounds
