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Henry The 7th Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are the nobles?

A

Rich landowners

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2
Q

Who are the gentry?

A

The middle ranks of society but still wealthy

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3
Q

What was the role of parliament and finance in Tudor times?

A

To get consent for taxation

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4
Q

What was the main source of farming?

A

Arable farming

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5
Q

What is the ‘great chain of being’?

A

That society was structured with wealth

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6
Q

What is the ‘Divine right of the Kings’?

A

That the monarch was chosen by god and ruling on behalf of him

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7
Q

What year did Henry VII become king?

A

1485

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8
Q

Who stole the crown off Edward V in the tower?

A

Richard III

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9
Q

What side was Richard III on?

A

York

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10
Q

What year was the battle of Bosworth?

A

1485

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11
Q

Who went head to head in the battle of Bosworth?

A

Richard III and Henry VII

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12
Q

Who did Henry VII kill in the battle of Bosworth?

A

Richard III

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13
Q

Who did Henry VII marry in 1486?

A

Elizabeth of York

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14
Q

What did Henry VII and Elizabeth of York’s’ marriage create?

A

A Tudor dynasty

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15
Q

Why was Richard III unpopular?

A

He was made suspicious about the princes in the tower

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16
Q

Who did Henry VII live in refuge with?

A

The Duke of Brittany

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17
Q

What were the 4 problems faced by Henry VII early on in his reign?

A

Threats to legitimacy
Increasing power of the nobels
Financial struggles
Yorkist uprisings

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18
Q

What date was the battle of Bosworth?

A

22nd August 1485

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19
Q

What were the Acts of Attainder?

A

Laws passed by parliament seizing land and titles as punishment

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20
Q

What are tonnage and poundage?

A

Tax on imports and goods

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21
Q

What is papal dispensation?

A

Official permission from the pope

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22
Q

What is a Lord Chamberlain?

A

Most senior official of the Royal Household (court)

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23
Q

What is being detained

A

Being kept safe in the tower of London

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24
Q

In 1485 how many knighthoods did Henry VII give out?

A

11

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25
Q

What was Sir William Stanley promoted to?

A

Lord Chaimberlain

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26
Q

Why did Henry VII put his coronation before the first parliament met?

A

To show that he was put in hereditary claim and in God’s will

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27
Q

What was the name of Henry VII first son?

A

Prince Arthur

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28
Q

What year was the Yorkshire rebellion?

A

1489

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29
Q

What was the root causes of the Yorkshire rebellion?

A

It was to fund a war with Brittany and they didn’t want to pay for it

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30
Q

Who did Henry VII send to stop the Yorkshire rebellion?

A

Earl of Northumberland

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31
Q

What happened to the Earl of Northumberland in the Yorkshire rebellion?

A

He was murdered

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32
Q

What year was the Cornish rebellion?

A

1497

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33
Q

What was the root cause of the Cornish rebellion?

A

The funding of a war in the north that did not impact them

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34
Q

Where did the Cornish rebellion march from and to?

A

Bodmin in Cornwall to Blackheath

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35
Q

How many supporters did the Cornish rebellion have?

A

15,000

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36
Q

What were the two popular rebellions?

A

The Yorkshire and Cornish

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37
Q

What was the Lord and Lovell and Stafford rebellion about?

A

To overthrow Henry VII and replace with an unspecified Yorkist claimant

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38
Q

Who did Henry VII send to pardon the rebels of the Lovell and Stafford?

A

His uncle Jasper Tudor

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39
Q

What was the Lambert Simnel rebellion about?

A

He claimed to be the Earl of Warrick and was supported by nobels

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40
Q

Why did the Lambert Simnel rebellion fail?

A

Henry VII put the real Earl of Warrick on show

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41
Q

How old was Lambert Simnel?

A

12

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42
Q

How long did the Perkin Warbeck rebellion go on for?

A

8 years

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43
Q

Who did Perkin Warbeck claim to be?

A

Richard of York

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44
Q

Why did Henry VII execute Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Warrick?

A

Treason and plotting together

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45
Q

Why did the dynastic and popular rebellions fail?

A

Lack of support
Poor Organisation
Lack of alternative claimant

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46
Q

Why were the nobility important?

A

They maintained social order, raised revenue for the crown, powerful in status and wealth

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47
Q

Who are the magnates?

A

The most powerful nobels

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48
Q

What did Henry VII gave titles in return of?

A

Loyalty and support

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49
Q

What are bonds and recognizances?

A

Payment to ensure loyalty

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50
Q

What are the laws against retaining?

A

Limiting the number of soldiers allowed per noble

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51
Q

What are JPs?

A

Justices of the peace who maintained public order and law

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52
Q

Roughly how many JPs were there per country?

A

18

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53
Q

What did Henry VII do on nobles he did not trust?

A

Use a spy network

54
Q

What year was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?

A

1486

55
Q

What year was the Lambert Simnel rebellion?

A

1487

56
Q

What year was the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?

A

1491-99

57
Q

What year was the De La Poles rebellion?

A

1501-06

58
Q

What is the Kings Council?

A

The group of advisors that helped him make decisions

59
Q

What is the star chamber?

A

The court system where even the highest nobles could be tried

60
Q

What is the royal household?

A

The group of people who moved around with the king

61
Q

What was the role that the Kings closest confidant had?

A

Groom of the stool

62
Q

What were the two main functions of Parliament

A

To pass laws, to raise taxes requested by the kings

63
Q

Who sat in the House of Commons?

A

Two MPs elected by nobles

64
Q

Who sat in the House of Lords?

A

Bishops and Peers

65
Q

Who is the Pope?

A

Head of the Church

66
Q

What do Cardinals do?

A

Elect the Pope

67
Q

Who are the two Bishops?

A

Canterbury and York

68
Q

How many church’s were there?

A

8,000

69
Q

How much of the population were monks and friars?

A

1%

70
Q

Why did people go and pray together?

A

It was more powerful than praying alone

71
Q

What is transubstantiation?

A

When the bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ

72
Q

How much land did the church own?

A

1/3

73
Q

Why did people donate money to the church?

A

To spend less time in purgatory

74
Q

What was Henry VII’s relationship with the Church?

A

Positive as he relied on churchmen to be his advisors

75
Q

What is Erastiansim?

A

The King had authority over the church and the state

76
Q

What year did Henry VII declare obedience to the church?

A

1485

77
Q

What is Ecclesiastical jurisdiction?

A

The church had its own legal system and Henry VII had no influence on this

78
Q

What is praemunrie?

A

Placing the authority of a foreign power above the King

79
Q

What is the court of audit?

A

Monitors government spending

80
Q

What are feudal dues?

A

One off payments for relief, marriage and wardship

81
Q

What are legal dues?

A

Payment when someone appeared in court

82
Q

What are one off feudal dues?

A

One off payments form the nobility like when his sons were knighted

83
Q

What are clerical taxes?

A

Taxes the king could force the church to make

84
Q

What are parliamentary taxes?

A

Taxes to grant royal polcies like war

85
Q

What is a miser?

A

Someone who hoards money

86
Q

What was stage one of Henry VII foreign policy?

A

Developing dimplomacy

87
Q

What was stage 2 of Henry VII foreign policy?

A

Successful diplomacy

88
Q

What was stage 3 of Henry VII foreign policy?

A

Security under threat

89
Q

What year was the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?

A

1489

90
Q

What happened with the Treaty of Medina Del Campo?

A

Spain and England bethroved Cathrine of Aragon (3) and Prince Arthur (2)

91
Q

What year was the Brittany crisis?

A

1487-92

92
Q

What was the cause of the Brittany crisis?

A

The french wanted Charles of France to marry Anne but the Duke arranged to marry Anne to Emperor maxmillan

93
Q

How many men did Henry VII send during the Brittany crisis?

A

500

94
Q

What year was the Treaty of Readon?

A

1489

95
Q

What was the Treaty of Readon?

A

Breton paid for Henry to send 6,000 men

96
Q

What was the Treaty of Etaples?

A

Charles of France promised to not support Yorkist rebels and to pay Henry the equivalent of £5,000 a year

97
Q

What year was the Treaty of Etaples?

A

1492

98
Q

What year did England join the Holy Leauge?

A

1496

99
Q

On what terms did Henry VII join the Holy League?

A

That he would not have to go to war with France

100
Q

What year was the Intercrusus Magnus?

A

1496

101
Q

What was the Intercurses Magnus?

A

A trade treaty between England and Burgundy which resumed normal trading links after the trade embargo was placed on Burgundy

102
Q

What year was the end of the Perkin Warbeck rebellion in Henry VII’s foreign policy?

A

1497

103
Q

What did Henry VII appoint his son to?

A

Lieutenant of Ireland

104
Q

Who ran as Prince Arthurs deputy in the end of the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?

A

Edward Poynings

105
Q

What year was the Truce of Ayton?

A

1497

106
Q

Who was the Truce of Ayton between?

A

James IV of Scotland and Princess Maragret

107
Q

What year did Prince Aruthur get married to Cathrine of Aragon?

A

1501

108
Q

What year did Prince Arthur die?

A

1502

109
Q

What year did Queen Elizabeth die?

A

1503

110
Q

What year did Isabella of Castile die?

A

1504

111
Q

What year was the Treaty of Windsor?

A

1506

112
Q

What year was the Malus Intercursus?

A

1506

113
Q

What is the Treaty of Windsor?

A

Philip of Burgundy had to hand over the last remaining threat

114
Q

What is the malus Intercursus? (J)

A

Prince Henry would marry Philip of Burgundy’s sister

115
Q

What year was Henry VII exclusion form the League of Cambrai?

A

1508

116
Q

How much was cloth trade responsible for English exports?

A

90%

117
Q

Who were the wealthiest and influential trading company?

A

The Merchant Aventurers

118
Q

What was the relationship between The Merchant Adventurers and Henry VII?

A

Strong as he relied on them in negotiating peace treaties

119
Q

What were the navigation acts?

A

Forbade English merchants from loading their goods onto foreign ships if an English one was available

120
Q

In 1490 how many knights were there?

A

375

121
Q

What was the most important aim for the gentry with social status?

A

To gain a knighthood to confirm their status

122
Q

Who were Yeomen?

A

They were successful farmers who were rich enough to be able to afford labourers to do the heavy farming jobs

123
Q

What did the Black Death from 1448 to 1449 do to the demand for land?

A

It dropped and it lead to the emergence of Yeomen class

124
Q

Who were below the Yeomen class in the social scale?

A

Husbandmen

125
Q

Who are the Husbandmen?

A

They kept smaller land and often had to supplement their incomes by working for the Yemomen

126
Q

In towns, who were the ‘middling sort’?

A

Educated professionals such as lawyers and wealthy merchants

127
Q

What was Henry VII’s relationship with skilled lawyers and merchants?

A

Strong as he relied on lawyers to help him rule the country and merchants for advice with trading

128
Q

What are the two types of labourers?

A

Urban and rural

129
Q

What was the role of rural labourers?

A

Do the heavy back breaking jobs and could often graze their own animals and grow vegetables

130
Q

What was enclosure?

A

It was when lands were closed off from common grounds

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