Henry 7 - foreign policy

Question 1

What were HVII’s main foreign policy aims

Answer 1

national security

establishing tudor dynasty

defence of trade

Question 2

Why did the French invasion of Brittany in 1487 alarm HVII ?

Answer 2

sense of obligation/loyalty

increased threat of invasion (entire coastline)

Question 3

What was the Treaty of Redon ?

Answer 3

1489

Anne of Brittany would pay for a small English army to protect Brittany

Question 4

Why was the Treaty of Redon a failure ?

Answer 4

Anne married Charles VIII of France - breaking the marriage-by-proxy with Maximilian of HRE

Max. lost interest and English army was left marooned

Question 5

When did HVII invade France and why was it a gamble ?

Answer 5

1492

used his agents’ intelligence that CVIII was more interested in the Italian states - therefore seeking peace settlement

Question 6

What was the Treaty of Etaples ?

Answer 6

1492

france agreed to withdraw support for Warbeck

pay pension as compensation

Question 7

What were early relations likes with Burgundy ?

Answer 7

reliant for trade - ports of Netherlands under jurisdiction

complicating factor = Margaret of Burgundy = RIII sister = diabolical duchess

worsened due to offering hospitality to Warbeck

Question 8

What did HVII do to try ease the impact of Burgundy offering Warbeck support ?

Answer 8

imposed a trade embargo

Question 9

What were the consequences of the trade embargo ?

Answer 9

unpopular in London/east coast - prepared to sacrifice commercial interests

Question 10

How did relations improve with Burgundy ?

Answer 10

Intercursus Magnus 1496

Treaty of Windsor 1506

Question 11

What was the Treaty of Medina del Campo ?

Answer 11

1489

Spain/England mutual protection

marriage alliance Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

Question 12

What were the problems with the Treaty of Medina del Campo ?

Answer 12

arrangements for royal wedding not smooth - Ferdinand not keen whilst Perkin Warbeck still at large

arguments over size of dowry

Question 13

What happened in 1502 ?

Answer 13

Prince Arthur died

HVII suggest marriage with Prince Henry - Ferdinand declined
little need for english alliance

Question 14

Why did Henry VII ultimately lose enthusiasm for a marriage between Prince Henry and Catherine of Aragon ?

Answer 14

Isabella of Castille died - Ferdinand not such a key political figure anymore

Question 15

Who did HVII support in the succession struggle ?

Answer 15

Juana (daughter) > Ferdinand

Question 16

What was the Treaty of Windsor ?

Answer 16

Philip (of Burgundy) and Juana shipwreck on English coast

HVII takes advantage

return of Earl of Suffolk

Question 17

How did Henry become diplomatically isolated in 1506 ?

Answer 17

Philip of Burgundy dies
Juana goes mad
Ferdinand = regent of Castille

Ferdinand ensured no marriage of Prince Henry and CofA in his lifetime

Question 18

What were relations like with Scotland for much of Henry’s reign ?

Answer 18

tense - auld alliance
but mostly cordial

Question 19

Why did problems arise in relation to Scotland ?

Answer 19

1495/96
James IV = of age
offers Warbeck hospitality

Question 20

What happened when Scotland invaded in 1496 ?

Answer 20

small army led by Warbeck
spent little time in England
gained no support in north

Question 21

What were relations liked with Scotland from 1498 onwards?

Answer 21

improved - no use for Warbeck

1503 - Treaty of Perpetual Peace
JIV marry Princess Margaret

Question 22

What power did England have over Ireland ?

Answer 22

the ‘Pale’
rest of Ireland = barons
dominant = Earl of Kildare

Question 23

Why did Kildare worry HVII ?

Answer 23

Yorkist sympathies
supprted Lambert Simnel
and Warbeck

Question 24

What did HVII do instead of relying on cheap aristocracy ?

Answer 24

early 1490’s
costly = appointing infant Prince Henry as Lieutenant of Ireland and Sir Poynings and Deputy

Question 25

What was Poyning’s Law 1495 ?

Answer 25

initally successful - threat of force
law = laid down that Irish Parliament could not pass any law without approval of English crown
proved too expensive

Question 26

What were relations like with Ireland early 1500’s ?

Answer 26

Kildare decided no beneift in supporting Yorkist cause
served Henry loyally and secured submission of chieftains