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Lab Quiz 2 > Hemotology > Flashcards

Hemotology Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood composed of?

A

Blood is composed of RBC, WBC, Platelets, and Plasma.

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2
Q

What is the function of RBC?

A

RBC carries oxygen to tissue.

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3
Q

What is the function of WBC?

A

WBC aids in immune response.

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4
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Platelets aid in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.

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5
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Plasma is the liquid component that transports nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

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6
Q

What is the normal pH range of blood?

A

The normal blood pH is alkaline, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.

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7
Q

Why is blood typing important?

A

Blood typing is crucial for blood transfusion and organ transplants to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient.

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8
Q

What can incompatible blood types cause?

A

Incompatible blood types can cause serious transfusion reactions due to antibodies in the recipient’s body reacting with antigens on the donor’s red blood cells.

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9
Q

What is the ABO blood group system?

A

The ABO system classifies blood types based on the presence of antigens on the surface of RBCs.

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10
Q

What antigens are present in blood type A?

A

Blood type A has A antigens on the surface of RBCs.

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11
Q

What antigens are present in blood type B?

A

Blood type B has B antigens.

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12
Q

What antigens are present in blood type AB?

A

Blood type AB has both A and B antigens.

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13
Q

What antigens are present in blood type O?

A

Blood type O has neither A nor B antigens.

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14
Q

What antibodies are present in plasma?

A

Plasma has antibodies that are naturally produced against the antigens they lack.

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15
Q

What does the Rh system determine?

A

The Rh system determines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen (D antigen) on red blood cells.

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16
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein found in RBC that is responsible for binding and carrying oxygen throughout the body.

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17
Q

What are the functions of hemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin is responsible for the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and the removal of carbon dioxide.

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18
Q

What is the Tallquist method?

A

The Tallquist method is a test used to estimate the approximate hemoglobin content in the blood by comparing the color of a blood sample to a series of color charts.

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19
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Hematocrit is a measure of the volume of RBCs in relation to the total blood volume

RBCs refer to red blood cells

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20
Q

What are some possible sources of error when using the Tallquist scale?

A
  • Color blindness
  • Droplet size
  • Timing
  • Lighting

These factors can affect the accuracy of color comparison in the Tallquist scale

21
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin value in g/dl of blood for men?

A

Men: 13.8 - 17.2 g/dl

This range indicates the average hemoglobin levels in healthy adult males

22
Q

What is the normal hemoglobin value in g/dl of blood for women?

A

Women: 12.1 - 15.1 g/dl

This range indicates the average hemoglobin levels in healthy adult females

23
Q

What causes hemoglobin levels to differ between sexes?

A
  • Bone mass
  • Testosterone levels
  • Menstrual cycle

These factors contribute to physiological differences affecting hemoglobin production

24
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A
  • Transportation of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue
  • Removal of carbon dioxide
  • Blood pH homeostasis

Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in respiratory and metabolic processes

25
Where is hemoglobin produced in the human body?
Hemoglobin is produced in the red bone marrow ## Footnote Iron is a necessary molecule for the production of hemoglobin
26
Define the term anemia.
Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood produces a lower-than-normal amount of red blood cells ## Footnote Causes of anemia include chronic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and genetic disorders
27
What does coagulation time test measure?
Coagulation time measures how long it takes blood to clot ## Footnote This test is essential for assessing the blood's ability to form clots
28
Why is coagulation time longer than bleeding time?
Coagulation time measures the full clot formation, whereas bleeding time only measures the initial phase of blood stoppage at the wound site ## Footnote Understanding the difference helps in diagnosing clotting disorders
29
List some diseases in which coagulation time is lengthened.
* Hemophilia * Von Willebrand disease ## Footnote These conditions are characterized by prolonged bleeding due to coagulation factor deficiencies
30
Aside from blood clotting, list three other functions of blood plasma.
* Capillary exchange * Antibody production * Immune defense ## Footnote Blood plasma is essential for various physiological processes beyond coagulation
31
What is the formula for determining the MCV?
MCV = Hematocrit (%) * 10 / RBC count (Million / mm³)
32
What is the formula for determining the VI?
VI = Hematocrit (%) - 2 x 2.3 / RBC (Millions (mm³) x 20) ## Footnote VI = volume index
33
What is the formula for determining MCH?
MCH = Hemoglobin (g / 100 ml) / RBC count (millions / µl)
34
What is the formula for determining Cl?
Cl = Hemoglobin x 6.9 / RBC count x 20 ## Footnote Cl = color index
35
What is the formula for calculating the MCHC?
MCHC = Hemoglobin (g / 100 ml) x 100 / Hematocrit (%)
36
What is the formula for calculating the Si?
Si = Hemoglobin (g / 100 ml) x 6.9 / Hematocrit (%) x 2.3 ## Footnote Si = saturation index
37
What does MCH stand for?
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ## Footnote MCH refers to the average weight of hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
38
What is the normal range for MCH?
29 pg ## Footnote This is the weight of hemoglobin in the average red blood cell.
39
What does MCHC represent?
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ## Footnote MCHC is the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the red blood cell.
40
What is the normal MCHC percentage?
35% ## Footnote This represents the percentage concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
41
What does normochromic mean?
A color with a normal amount of hemoglobin ## Footnote Normochromic cells have around 35% hemoglobin relative to their size.
42
What characterizes hypochromic cells?
Increase in size without a simultaneous increase in hemoglobin content ## Footnote This results in a decrease in MCHC.
43
What conditions can lead to hypochromic cells?
* Iron deficiency anemia * Thalassemia ## Footnote These conditions can result in reduced hemoglobin content in red blood cells.
44
What does hyperchromia refer to?
Smaller, deeply colored red blood cells ## Footnote Hyperchromic cells indicate a high concentration of hemoglobin.
45
Is a high MCHC possible?
No ## Footnote A normal red blood cell can hold only a certain amount of hemoglobin, so a high MCHC is not feasible.
46
What does the Volume Index (VI) measure?
The Volume Index relates the nematocrit or packed cell volume to the red cell count. ## Footnote The formula for Volume Index is (VI) = 0.9t01.1.
47
What is the formula for the Color Index (CI)?
The Color Index is calculated as (CI) = 0.9701.1. ## Footnote The Color Index relates red cell count to hemoglobin.
48
What does the Saturation Index (SI) compare?
The Saturation Index compares the concentration of hemoglobin to the concentration within a normal cell. ## Footnote The formula for Saturation Index is (SI) = 0.9101.1.
49
True or False: All three indices are high in iron deficiency.
False. ## Footnote All three indices are low in iron deficiency.

Lab Quiz 2 (4 decks)

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