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VET 1110 > Hemotological And Immunological Diseases > Flashcards

Hemotological And Immunological Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is composed of

A

Liquid components: 55%
Cellular components: 45%

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2
Q

Origin of Erythrocytes

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Function of Erythrocytes

A

Carry oxygen to tissues, remove CO2 waste products from tissues
Removed from circulation via the spleen

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4
Q

Normal hematocrit for dogs

A

hematocritfor adogfalls between 35% and 55%.

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5
Q

an absolute decrease in the red cell mass as measured by RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV.

A

Anemia

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6
Q

There are two major Rule-Outs for Anemia

A

Loss VS lysis

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7
Q

In addition to loss VS Lysis what is the 3rd option

A

Decreased production

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8
Q

The bone marrow responds appropriately to the decreased red cell mass by increasing RBC production and releasing reticulocytes.

A

Regenerative anemia

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9
Q

Hemorrhage or Hemolysis

A

Regenerative Anemia

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10
Q

The bone marrow responds inadequately to the increased need for RBC

A

Noneegenerative anemia

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11
Q

How’d you determine the type of anemia

A

Reticulocyte count

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12
Q

What is a reticulocyte

A

A reticulocyte is an immature stage of a red blood cell that contains fragments of a nucleus.

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Anemia

A

CBC, Blood smear,History

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14
Q

Clinical Signs of Anemia

A

Pale mucous membranes
+/- Jaundice
Weakness
Tachycardia (unless chronic)
Depression
Dehydration
Hypovolemia

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15
Q

DDX of Anemia

A

Hemorrhage
Hemolysis
Blood parasites
Iron deficiency
Immune-mediated
Toxins
Bone marrow suppression

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16
Q

Associated with Hemorrhage

A

Trauma, thromocytopenia

17
Q

How do you treat a hemorrage

A

ID the cause and treat accordingly
Treat shock and volume replacement
Whole blood or plasma transfusions

18
Q

What disease Occurs after chronic blood loss

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

19
Q

What causes Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Flea infestations and parasite infestations

20
Q

How do you treat Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Treat the underlying cause of blood loss
Supplementation with oral iron for 30-60 days, or iron dextran injections

21
Q

What is hemolysis

A

Destruction of RBCs

22
Q

Etiology of Hemolysis in dogs

A

Idiopathic IMHA
Infectious
Neoplastic

23
Q

Etiology of Hemolysis in cats

A

Idiopathic IMHA
Infectious: FeLV, Hemobartonellosis
Neoplastic

24
Q

Etiology of Hemolysis in horses

A

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

25
Q

Blood-borne parasites may cause hemolytic anemia

A

Mycoplasm hemofelis,Cytauxzoon felis, Babesia spp.

26
Q

Toxin-induced Anemia is also known as

A

(Heinz Body Anemia)

27
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Denaturation of hemoglobin that occurs secondary to oxidative damage

28
Q

Etiology of Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

A

Idiopathic
Breed predisposition: Poodles, Old English Sheep Dogs, Irish Setters, Cocker Spaniels

29
Q

Diagnosis of Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

A

Blood smear-spherocytes
Agglutination test (in-house)
Coombs test (outsourced to diagnostic lab)

30
Q

Treatment of Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

A

Immunosuppressants
Glucocorticoids: Dexamethasone, Prednisone
Anti-ulcer therapy: , Ranitidine, Famotidine, Sucralfate

31
Q

Mortality rate of IMHA

A

30-40% relapse common

32
Q

Etiology of Immune Mediated Thrombocytopenia

A

Idiopathic
Drugs: sulfa-drugs

33
Q

Clinical signs of IMT

A

–Signalment: females > males; middle age

34
Q

Tx for IMT

A

Chemo,immune suppressants, blood transfusion, anti ulcer drugs

35
Q

a blood disease caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a protein in the blood required for normal plateletbinding (i.e., clotting) at the sites of small blood vessel injuries
This is the most common hereditary blood clotting disorder in dogs, occurring with more frequency in some breeds, including German shepherds, Doberman pinschers, standard poodles, Shetland sheepdogs, and golden retrievers.

A

Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

36
Q

Clinical signs of Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

A

Prolonged bleeding after surgery or estrus, nose bleeds, petechiae

37
Q

Tx of Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

A

Plasma transfusion, it is hereditary

38
Q

Diagnosis Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

A

BMBT > 4 min
plasma vWF concentration

39
Q

70 % of cases associated of feline lymphoma are asked by

A

FeLV

VET 1110 (2 decks)

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