Hemotological And Immunological Diseases

Question 1

Blood is composed of

Answer 1

Liquid components: 55%
Cellular components: 45%

Question 2

Origin of Erythrocytes

Answer 2

Bone marrow

Question 3

Function of Erythrocytes

Answer 3

Carry oxygen to tissues, remove CO2 waste products from tissues
Removed from circulation via the spleen

Question 4

Normal hematocrit for dogs

Answer 4

hematocritfor adogfalls between 35% and 55%.

Question 5

an absolute decrease in the red cell mass as measured by RBC count, hemoglobin concentration, and PCV.

Answer 5

Anemia

Question 6

There are two major Rule-Outs for Anemia

Answer 6

Loss VS lysis

Question 7

In addition to loss VS Lysis what is the 3rd option

Answer 7

Decreased production

Question 8

The bone marrow responds appropriately to the decreased red cell mass by increasing RBC production and releasing reticulocytes.

Answer 8

Regenerative anemia

Question 9

Hemorrhage or Hemolysis

Answer 9

Regenerative Anemia

Question 10

The bone marrow responds inadequately to the increased need for RBC

Answer 10

Noneegenerative anemia

Question 11

How’d you determine the type of anemia

Answer 11

Reticulocyte count

Question 12

What is a reticulocyte

Answer 12

A reticulocyte is an immature stage of a red blood cell that contains fragments of a nucleus.

Question 13

Diagnosis of Anemia

Answer 13

CBC, Blood smear,History

Question 14

Clinical Signs of Anemia

Answer 14

Pale mucous membranes
+/- Jaundice
Weakness
Tachycardia (unless chronic)
Depression
Dehydration
Hypovolemia

Question 15

DDX of Anemia

Answer 15

Hemorrhage
Hemolysis
Blood parasites
Iron deficiency
Immune-mediated
Toxins
Bone marrow suppression

Question 16

Associated with Hemorrhage

Answer 16

Trauma, thromocytopenia

Question 17

How do you treat a hemorrage

Answer 17

ID the cause and treat accordingly
Treat shock and volume replacement
Whole blood or plasma transfusions

Question 18

What disease Occurs after chronic blood loss

Answer 18

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 19

What causes Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 19

Flea infestations and parasite infestations

Question 20

How do you treat Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 20

Treat the underlying cause of blood loss
Supplementation with oral iron for 30-60 days, or iron dextran injections

Question 21

What is hemolysis

Answer 21

Destruction of RBCs

Question 22

Etiology of Hemolysis in dogs

Answer 22

Idiopathic IMHA
Infectious
Neoplastic

Question 23

Etiology of Hemolysis in cats

Answer 23

Idiopathic IMHA
Infectious: FeLV, Hemobartonellosis
Neoplastic

Question 24

Etiology of Hemolysis in horses

Answer 24

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis

Question 25

Blood-borne parasites may cause hemolytic anemia

Answer 25

Mycoplasm hemofelis,Cytauxzoon felis, Babesia spp.

Question 26

Toxin-induced Anemia is also known as

Answer 26

(Heinz Body Anemia)

Question 27

What are Heinz bodies?

Answer 27

Denaturation of hemoglobin that occurs secondary to oxidative damage

Question 28

Etiology of Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Answer 28

Idiopathic Breed predisposition: Poodles, Old English Sheep Dogs, Irish Setters, Cocker Spaniels

Question 29

Diagnosis of Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Answer 29

Blood smear-spherocytes Agglutination test (in-house) Coombs test (outsourced to diagnostic lab)

Question 30

Treatment of Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Answer 30

Immunosuppressants Glucocorticoids: Dexamethasone, Prednisone Anti-ulcer therapy: , Ranitidine, Famotidine, Sucralfate

Question 31

Mortality rate of IMHA

Answer 31

30-40% relapse common

Question 32

Etiology of Immune Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Answer 32

Idiopathic Drugs: sulfa-drugs

Question 33

Clinical signs of IMT

Answer 33

–Signalment: females > males; middle age

Question 34

Tx for IMT

Answer 34

Chemo,immune suppressants, blood transfusion, anti ulcer drugs

Question 35

a blood disease caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a protein in the blood required for normal platelet binding (i.e., clotting) at the sites of small blood vessel injuries This is the most common hereditary blood clotting disorder in dogs, occurring with more frequency in some breeds, including German shepherds, Doberman pinschers, standard poodles, Shetland sheepdogs, and golden retrievers.

Answer 35

Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

Question 36

Clinical signs of Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

Answer 36

Prolonged bleeding after surgery or estrus, nose bleeds, petechiae

Question 37

Tx of Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

Answer 37

Plasma transfusion, it is hereditary

Question 38

Diagnosis Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

Answer 38

BMBT > 4 min plasma vWF concentration

Question 39

70 % of cases associated of feline lymphoma are asked by

Answer 39

FeLV