Hemostasis

Question 1

Step 1

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction- the smooth muscle of the blood vessels releases a chemical signal to contract to decrease blood flow. Platelets release serotonin to further vasoconstriction

Question 2

Step 2

Answer 2

Platelet Plug- Platelets when in contact with the injured wall release thromboxane A2, which stimulates the recruitment of new and more platelets and increases platelet aggregation

Question 3

Step 3

Answer 3

Coagulation- Main goal to convert soluble protein into insoluble protein (fibrinogen–> Fibrin)
-Doesn’t start until 30 seconds after the vessel has been damaged

Question 4

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 4

-Started by the injured tissue
-Fast–> initial clot formation
-The Tissue Factor (TF), Active III and Active VII Factor (proteins) moves to the common pathway quickly/activates X factor

Question 5

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 5

-Started by the blood itself
-Slower–> amplifies clotting
-F12–>F11–>F9–>F8+Ca2+–>F10 (Common Pathway)

Question 6

Common Pathway

Answer 6

10+5+Ca2+Thrombin (which needs Vitamin K)–> Thrombin (enzyme)–> that changes Fibrinogen to Fibrin, and activates F6, F8, F5, and F13. Fibrin + F8+Ca2+——> CLOT

Question 7

Hemophilia

Answer 7

-X-linked hereditary disorder, making one of the Factors needed in the Intrinsic pathway missing
-Hemo. A= missing F8
-Hemo B= missing F9

Question 8

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 8

Platelet formation in the bone marrow is defective, making the platelets incapable of forming a plug

Question 9

Vitamin K Deficiency

Answer 9

VK is needed for the synthesis of Prothrombin. Without it, thrombin cannot be made, which activates F11, F8, F5, and F13.