Hemorrhage And Coagulation

Question 1

The first step of clotting process is?

• Vasoconstriction.
• Formation of platelet plug.
• Activation of coagulation pathway.

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction

Question 2

Release of ADP and PF3 causes

Answer 2

Platelet aggregation and reinforcement of the plug

Question 3

Clots are dissolved by?

Answer 3

Plasmin

Question 4

Clots are activated by?

Answer 4

tPA

Question 5

Heparin causes

Answer 5

Prolonged TT (normal = 12-14 s)

Question 6

Normal INR is?

Answer 6

0.8 - 1.1

Question 7

Normal aPTT is?

Answer 7

25 - 35 s

Question 8

Worst cause of DIC?

• Cancers.
• Obstetric.
• Snake bite.
• Liver disease.

Answer 8

Obstetric

Question 9

The most sensitive test for DIC?

• D Dimer.
• Low platelets.
• Low fibrinogen.
• Hight PT + aPTT.

Answer 9

D- dimer

Question 10

The confirmatory test for DIC?

Answer 10

Low fibrinogen

Question 11

Occurring immediately as result of an injury or surgery?

• Primary hemorrhage.
• Reactionary hemorrhage.
• Secondary hemorrhage.

Answer 11

Primary hemorrhage

Question 12

Delayed hemorrhage (within 24 hours) and is usually caused by dislodgement of clot by resuscitation, normalization of blood pressure and vasodilatation.

Answer 12

Reactionary hemorrhage

Question 13

Caused by sloughing of the wall of a vessel. It usually occurs 7-14 days after injury and is precipitated by factors.

Answer 13

Secondary hemorrhage

Question 14

The first sign of major hemorrhage is?

Answer 14

Tachycardia

Question 15

Up to 750 ml.
BP normal.
PR <100.
RR 14-20.
Tx = crystalloids.

Answer 15

Class l hemorrhage

Question 16

750 - 1500 ml.
BP normal.
Pulse >100.
RR 20-30.
Tx = crystalloids.

Answer 16

Class ll hemorrhage

Question 17

1500 x 2000ml.
BP low.
PR >120.
RR 30-40.
Tx = crystalloids + blood.

Answer 17

Class lll hemorrhage