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HHP > Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

In the adult RBM where does hemopoiesis occur

A 
Skull
Sternum
Vertebrae
Ribs
Pelvis and
Proximal epiphyses of:
Femur 
Humerus
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2
Q

Where are lymphocytes formed

A

the red marrow and in the lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

What are the 3 phases hemo occurs in the embryo n fetus

A
  1. yolk sac
  2. hepatic
  3. bone marrow
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4
Q

The yolk sac phase begins at what what and by the formation of what

A

Begins in the 3rd week of gestation

Begins by the formation of blood islands in the wall of the yolk sac of the embryo (Yolk Sac Phase)

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5
Q

What trimester does the hepatic phase begin

A

In the 2nd trimester, with the development of the liver, hemopoiesis shifts to the liver (Hepatic Phase)
During the 2nd trimester liver is the major blood forming organ

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6
Q

When is the bone marrow phase

A

Hemopoiesis shifts to:
Bone marrow
This process begins during the 2nd trimester and by the 3rd trimester its fully bone marrow
Before birth bone marrow is the major blood forming organ (Bone Marrow Phase)

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7
Q

What is the monophyletic theory of hem

A

All blood cells are derived from a common hemopoietic stem cell (HSC)

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8
Q

What kind of stem cell is a hemo stem cell and what is it capable of

A

Is a pluripotential stem cell
i.e. capable of differentiating into all the blood cell lineages
Also divides to maintain its own population
Cannot be identified in routine preparation
Special immunocytochemical methods must be used

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9
Q

Hemo stem cell gives rise to which two major colonies of multipotential progenitor cells:

A

Common myeloid progenitor cells (CMP cells):
Colony-forming-units-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM)
Differentiate into specific lineage-restricted progenitors

Common lymphoid progenitor cells (CLP cells)

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10
Q

Two main lineage-restricted progenitors. These include:

A

• Megakaryocyte/
Erythrocyte
Progenitor Cells
(MEP Cells)

• Granulocyte/ 
  Monocyte 
  Progenitor Cells 
  (GMP  or      
  CFU-GM Cells)
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11
Q

Megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitor cells (MEP Cells):
Bipotential
Give rise to:

A

Megakaryocyte-committed progenitor cells (MKP or CFU-Meg) and

Erythrocyte-committed progenitor cells (ErP or CFU-E)

MKP and ErP are Monopotential

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12
Q

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor Cells (GMP or CFU-GM Cells):
Multipotential
Give rise to:

A

Neutrophil progenitors
Eosinophil progenitors
Basophil/Mast cell progenitors:
–>Basophil progenitors (in bone marrow)
–>Mast cell progenitors (in the gastrointestinal mucosa)
Monocyte progenitors
Dendritic cells (antigen presenting cells)

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13
Q

Common Lymphoid Progenitor Cells (CLP cells) AKA ?

A

colony-forming-units-lymphoid (CFU-L)

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14
Q

Colony-forming-units-lymphoid (CFU-L)
Multipotential
Differentiate into:

A

T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Natural killer (NK) cells
Dendritic cells

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15
Q 
Hemopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)
Pluripotent Cells
 to 
Myeloid Lineage of Cells
or
Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
Multipotenet cells

Is dependent on what

A

Dependant on surface receptors, cytokines and growth factors
(Surface receptors interact with Colony Stimulating Factors - CSF)

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16
Q

Myeloid Lineage of Cells
or
Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
Multipotenet cells

To

Megakaryocyte/
Erythrocyte Progenitor Cells
or
Bipotent Cells

Is triggered by what

A

Triggered by Erythropoietin and
Cytokines, interleukin 1 (IL-1)
and interleukin-3 (IL-3)

17
Q

Myeloid Lineage of Cells
or
Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells
Multipotenet cells

to

Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor Cells
or
Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony Forming Units (CFU-GM)
Multipotent Cells

is triggered by?

A

Cytokins

18
Q 
Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor Cells
or
Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony Forming Units (CFU-GM)
Multipotent Cells
differentiation is triggered by what
A

Triggered by interleukins,

transcription factors and CSF

19
Q

Megakaryocyte/
Erythrocyte Progenitor Cells
or
Bipotent Cells

to

Erythropoietin-Sensitive Erythrocyte-Committed Colony Forming Unit (CFU-E)
or
Erythrocyte Committed Progenitor Cells (ERP)

is triggered by?

A

Triggered by

Transcription Factor GATA-1

20
Q

Hemopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)
Pluripotent Cells
to
Lymphoid Colony Forming Units (CFU-L)

is triggered by?

A

Transcription factors

21
Q

What are the 9 development stages of erythropoiesis

A
  1. Myeloid Lineage of Cells (Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells), triggered by erythropoietin
  2. Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte Progenitor Cells, triggered by GATA-1
  3. Erythrocyte Committed Progenitor Cells
  4. Proerythroblasts
  5. Basophilic Erythroblasts
  6. Polychromatophilic Erythroblast
  7. Orthochromatophilic Erythroblast or Normoblast
  8. Reticulocyte
  9. Erythrocyte
22
Q

What is a proerythrocyte

A

First microscopically recognizable cell

Large cell (12- 20 µm)

Large, spherical nucleus
1 or 2 nucleoli
Lightly basophilic cytoplasm

Free ribosomes

Not easily identified in bone marrow smears

23
Q

Describe a basophilic ery

A

From mitoses of Proerythroblast

Smaller nucleus and more heterochromatin

No visible nucleolus

Cytoplasm is strongly basophilic
Due to large numbers of free ribosomes (polyribosomes)

Ribosomes synthesize hemoglobin

24
Q

Describe Polychromatophilic Erythroblast

A

Cytoplasm displays both acidophilia (because of the staining of hemoglobin) and basophilia (because of the staining of polyribosomes)

Overall gray or lilac color to cytoplasm or distinct pink and purple regions

Nucleus smaller than in basophilic erythroblast

Nucleus shows prominent heterochromatin forming a checkerboard pattern (characteristic identifying feature)

25
Q

Describe Orthochromatophilic Erythroblast

A

Small, compact, densely stained nucleus

Cytoplasm is eosinophilic (because of the large amount of hemoglobin)
Slightly larger than a mature erythrocyte
Not capable of cell division
Also known as Normoblast

26
Q

Describe Reticulocyte or Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

A

Orthochromatophilic Erythroblast extrudes its nucleus:
The anucleate new cell is known as the Reticulocyte
Retains some polyribosomes
Ployribsomes form a reticular mesh and show basophilia on staining (hence reticulocyte)
Ready to be released into the sinusoids
In normal blood reticulocytes make up 1-2% of the total RBC count
Any increase in this percentage (reticulocytosis) could indicate increased erythropoiesis to compensate for blood loss

HHP (2 decks)

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