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Biochem > Hemoglobin & Myoglobin > Flashcards

Hemoglobin & Myoglobin Flashcards

0
Q

Tetrameric polypeptide mainly utilized for oxygen transport

A

Hemoglobin

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1
Q

The phenomenon that permits hgb to maximize both the quantity of O2 at the pO2 of the lungs and the quantity of O2 released at the pO2 of the peripheral tissues

A

Cooperative binding

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2
Q

Hemoglobin is what kind of protein?

A

Functional

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3
Q

By product of respiration

A

CO2

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5
Q

Stabilizes the T-structure of Hgb

A

2-3 BPG

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6
Q

Planar, slightly puckered, cyclic tetrapyrrole

A

Heme

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7
Q

Reciprocal coupling of H+ and O2 binding

A

Bohr effect

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8
Q

Mutations of Hgb that compromises biologic function

A

Hemoglobinopathies

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9
Q

Transition from T state to R state are influenced by? (4)

A

Protons, Carbon Dioxide, Chloride, BPG

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10
Q

True or false: release of O2 at the peripheral tissue is accompanied by the uptake of proton due to he lowering of pka of histidine residues

A

True

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11
Q

Genetic defects in the globin synthesis of hgb

A

Alpha and beta Thalassemias

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12
Q

Treatment for CO poisoning

A

O2 theraphy

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13
Q

Small molecules that binds to a protein at a site other than the catalytic site

A

Allosteric effectors

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14
Q

It’s tertiary structure is a water soluble globular protein

A

Myoglobin

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15
Q

Tetrameric protein composed of two pairs of alpha subunit and gamma subunit

A

Hbf

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16
Q

The iron atom lies in the center of this

A

Protoporphyrin

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17
Q

Fully saturated quaternary structure of oxygenated hemoglobin

A

R-state

18
Q

when there an increase in pKa what would be the effect on the hemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Shift to the right = decreased O2 affinity

20
Q

Unit if pressure equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 1mm high at 0 degree celsius and standard gravity

A

Torr

21
Q

True or false: the strength of HbCO bond is less than the HbOxy bond

A

True - because the distal E7 histidine hinders the bonding of CO at the preferred 90 deg angle to the plane of the heme ring.

22
Q

Hemoglobin that can neither bind nor transport O2

A

Methemoglobin

23
Q

Normal HbA1c for diabetic patients

A

Less than 7%

24
Q

Increase in ph = ___ in oxygen affinity

A

Increase

25
Q

Intracellular storage site for oxygen

A

Myoglobin

26
Q

Key enzyme in Bohr effect

A

Carbonic anhydrase

27
Q

Responsible for the distinctive red color of blood

A

Heme

28
Q

Why does HbF binds less to 2,3 BPG than HbA?

A

Because the residue h21 of the gamma subunit of HbF is Ser which does not form a Salt Bridge. HbF has a higher affinity for O2 than HbA

29
Q

Distal histidine

A

His E7 or His 64

30
Q

Proximal histidine

A

His F8 or His 93

31
Q

Oxygen binding curve of Hgb

A

Sigmoidal curve

32
Q

This is released during O2 deprivation

A

Myoglobin

34
Q

Is is the set of fetal beta globin gene within the beta globin cluster

A

Gamma genes / beta gamma genes

36
Q

Effective CO3 transport process is referred to as

A

Isohydric transport

38
Q

What is the role of the Chloride ion Shift in the transport of CO2 and Bohr Effect

A

Maintains electrical neutrality - Homeostasis

39
Q

True or False: high pH is ideal for the formation of salt bridges.

A

False - because at high ph the side chain of histidine beta 146 is not protonated and the salt bridge does not form

40
Q

The alpha and beta globin genes are found on what chromosomes?

A

Alpha - chromosome 16

Beta - chromosome 11

41
Q

2 types of hemoglobinopathies

A

Qualitative abnormalities - eg. Sickle cell anemia

Quantitative abnormalities - eg. Thalassemia

42
Q

Major Hgb at the embryonic development within the yolk sac

A

Hb Gower 1 (2 zeta, 2 eta)

43
Q

Increase on hydrogen ion concentration = ______ amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

A

Decrease

44
Q

A form of CO2 transported in the blood as a dissolved gas formed with the amino terminal nitrogens of the polypeptide chain 15% of CO2 in the body is transported this way.

A

Carbaminohemoglobin or carbhemoglobin or carbohemoglobin

45
Q

Caused by a single nucleotide substitution of valine for glutamate at position 6 on the beta subunit of hemoglobin

A

Sickle cell anemia

46
Q

Methemoglobin or hemoglobin M can arise from decrease activity of what enzyme?

A

Methemoglobin reductase

Biochem (1 decks)

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