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PARA LEC > HEMOFLAGELLATE: TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI > Flashcards

HEMOFLAGELLATE: TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI Flashcards

1
Q

TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI is an:

a. Intracellular parasite
b. Extracellular parasite

A

A. INTRACELLULAR PARASITE

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2
Q

stage of development in HUMANS in T. cruzi ( and where it is found)

A

Trypomastigote (bloodstream) and Amastigote (tissue cells)

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3
Q

stage of development INSIDE ITS INSECT VECTOR (and where it is found)

A
  • Amastigote, Epimastigote, and Promastigote (MIDGUT)

- Infective Metacyclic Trypomastigote appear in HINDGUT

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4
Q

this is the TRANSITORY STAGE or STAGE AFTER EPIMASTIGOTE

A

META-CYCLIC TRYPOMASTIGOTE

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5
Q

How does Triatomine Bug transmit its feces?

A

by CONTAMINATION of conjunctiva, bite wound, and mucosal membranes with bug’s feces that contains META-CYCLIC TRYPOMASTIGOTE

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6
Q

Inside the cell, meta-cyclic trypomastigote transform into _____

A

AMASTIGOTE

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7
Q

when the MT enters blood stream, it can enter _____

A

RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM such as MACROPHAGE and MONOCYTE

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8
Q

how does AMASTIGOTES MULTIPLY?

A

through BINARY FISSION

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9
Q

Intracellular amastigotes transform into _____, then burst out of the cell and enter blood stream

A

TRYPOMASTIGOTES

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Trypomastigote inside the cell cannot re-infect other cells and continue life cycle?

A

FALSE

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11
Q

when does triatomine bug turn to have infective stage?

A

when it has ingested trypomastigote

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12
Q

what transformation happens in the midgut?

A

TRYPOMASTIGOTE turns into EPIMASTIGOTE

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13
Q

where does epimastigote multiply?

A

MIDGUT

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14
Q

where does the transformation of meta-cyclic trypomastigote happen?

A

HINDGUT (rectal area of the vector)

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15
Q

what region in america is T. cruzi endemic?

A

SOUTH AMERICA

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16
Q

T. cruzi primarily has affinity to what cells?

A

MYOCYTES, CARDIAC CELL, and RETICU-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS/SYSTEM

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17
Q

Disease associated with T. cruzi

A

CHAGAS DISEASE or AMERICAN TRYPANOMIASIS

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18
Q

WHO found trypanosome on the intestine of a triatomid bug?

A

CARLOS CHAGAS

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19
Q

where did CARLOS CHAGAS found trypanosome?

A

INTESTINE of the VECTOR

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20
Q

what are the FIVE BIOLOGICAL VECTORS of T. cruzi

A 
(TRACK)
Triatomine bug
Reduviid bug
Assassin bug
Conenose bug
Kissing bug
21
Q

GENERA of T. cruzi?

A

TRIATOMA
RHODNIUS
PANSTRONGYLUS

22
Q

RESERVOIR of T. cruzi?

A
  • domestic animals
  • armadillos
  • raccoons
  • rodents
  • marsupials
  • primates
23
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

NATURAL transmission by triatomine bugs through blood meal/contamination with INFECTED FECES

A

VECTOR-BORNE

24
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

a prevalent mode of transmission in URBAN AREA.

A

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

25
Q

what can ELIMINATE parasite in the blood after 24 HRS?

A

GENTIAN VIOLET

26
Q

MODE OF TRANSMISSION:

ingestion of food contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigote

A

ACCIDENTAL

27
Q

What are the TWO TYPES of BIOLOGICAL VECTOR?

A

SALIVARIAN and STERCORALIAN

28
Q

the TRANSMISSION of SALIVARIAN BIOLOGICAL VECTOR?

A

via mouth parts (salive)

29
Q

efficiency of salivarian and stercoralian?

A

SALIVARIAN is VERY EFFICIENT

STERCORALIAN is INEFFICIENT

30
Q

INFECTION RATE OF SALIVARIAN

A

LOW

31
Q

INFECTION RATE OF STERCORALIAN

A

HIGH

32
Q

example vector for SALIVARIAN

A

TSETSE FLY (T. brucei complex)

33
Q

example vector for STERCORALIAN

A

TRIATOMINE BUG (T. cruzi)

34
Q

what PHASE of PATHOGENESIS does active infection occurs? how long?

A

ACUTE PHASE for 1-4 months duration

35
Q

In ACUTE PHASE, children are ____ while most are ______

a. symptomatic, symptomatic
b. asymptomatic, asymptomatic
c. asymptomatic, symptomatic
d. symptomatic, asymptomatic

A

D. In acute phase, CHILDREN ARE SYMPTOMATIC while MOST ARE ASYMPTOMATIC

36
Q

acute phase has characterized ____ of certain cells

A

INFLAMMATION

37
Q

give example of NON-SPECIFICSIGNS and SYMPTOMS

A

fever, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, cutaneous lesion

38
Q

how many years can INDETERMINATE PHASE/LATENCY PHASE lasts?

A

10-30 YEARS

39
Q

in LATENCY PHASE, it is relatively ____ with __ detectable parasitemia

a. asymptomatic, no
b. asymptomatic, yes
c. symptomatic, no

A

A. in LATENCY PHASE, it is ASYMPTOMATIC with NO detectable parasitemia

40
Q

In LATENCY PHASE, it still has INFECTIVE properties but the parasite is in DORMANT PHASE

A

TRUE

41
Q

phase which is SEROPOSITIVE

A

INDETERMINATE/LATENCY PHASE

42
Q

what PERCENTAGE of infected exhbit cardiomyopathy and megasyndromes?

A

10-30%

43
Q

what PHASE does 10-30% of infected exhibit cardiomyopathy and megasyndromes? It is also the FATAL STAGE

A

CHRONIC PHASE

44
Q

How many WEEKS does the INCUBATION PERIOD OF ACUTE PHASE LASTS’?

A

1-2 WEEKS

45
Q

what are the LOCAL INFLAMMATION associated with the ACUTE PHASE?

A

ROMANA’S SIGN and CHAGOMA

46
Q

it is the EDEMA of the EYELID and CONJUNCTIVA

A

ROMANA’S SIGN

47
Q

it is characterized by inflammation at the site of injection?

A

CHAGOMA

48
Q

an acute, often fatal, type of inflammation that develops in few individuals?

A

MYOCARDITIS

PARA LEC (2 decks)

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