HEMOFLAGELLATE: TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI Flashcards
TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI is an:
a. Intracellular parasite
b. Extracellular parasite
A. INTRACELLULAR PARASITE
stage of development in HUMANS in T. cruzi ( and where it is found)
Trypomastigote (bloodstream) and Amastigote (tissue cells)
stage of development INSIDE ITS INSECT VECTOR (and where it is found)
- Amastigote, Epimastigote, and Promastigote (MIDGUT)
- Infective Metacyclic Trypomastigote appear in HINDGUT
this is the TRANSITORY STAGE or STAGE AFTER EPIMASTIGOTE
META-CYCLIC TRYPOMASTIGOTE
How does Triatomine Bug transmit its feces?
by CONTAMINATION of conjunctiva, bite wound, and mucosal membranes with bug’s feces that contains META-CYCLIC TRYPOMASTIGOTE
Inside the cell, meta-cyclic trypomastigote transform into _____
AMASTIGOTE
when the MT enters blood stream, it can enter _____
RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM such as MACROPHAGE and MONOCYTE
how does AMASTIGOTES MULTIPLY?
through BINARY FISSION
Intracellular amastigotes transform into _____, then burst out of the cell and enter blood stream
TRYPOMASTIGOTES
TRUE or FALSE
Trypomastigote inside the cell cannot re-infect other cells and continue life cycle?
FALSE
when does triatomine bug turn to have infective stage?
when it has ingested trypomastigote
what transformation happens in the midgut?
TRYPOMASTIGOTE turns into EPIMASTIGOTE
where does epimastigote multiply?
MIDGUT
where does the transformation of meta-cyclic trypomastigote happen?
HINDGUT (rectal area of the vector)
what region in america is T. cruzi endemic?
SOUTH AMERICA
T. cruzi primarily has affinity to what cells?
MYOCYTES, CARDIAC CELL, and RETICU-ENDOTHELIAL CELLS/SYSTEM
Disease associated with T. cruzi
CHAGAS DISEASE or AMERICAN TRYPANOMIASIS
WHO found trypanosome on the intestine of a triatomid bug?
CARLOS CHAGAS
where did CARLOS CHAGAS found trypanosome?
INTESTINE of the VECTOR
what are the FIVE BIOLOGICAL VECTORS of T. cruzi
(TRACK) Triatomine bug Reduviid bug Assassin bug Conenose bug Kissing bug
GENERA of T. cruzi?
TRIATOMA
RHODNIUS
PANSTRONGYLUS
RESERVOIR of T. cruzi?
- domestic animals
- armadillos
- raccoons
- rodents
- marsupials
- primates
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
NATURAL transmission by triatomine bugs through blood meal/contamination with INFECTED FECES
VECTOR-BORNE
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
a prevalent mode of transmission in URBAN AREA.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
what can ELIMINATE parasite in the blood after 24 HRS?
GENTIAN VIOLET
MODE OF TRANSMISSION:
ingestion of food contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigote
ACCIDENTAL
What are the TWO TYPES of BIOLOGICAL VECTOR?
SALIVARIAN and STERCORALIAN
the TRANSMISSION of SALIVARIAN BIOLOGICAL VECTOR?
via mouth parts (salive)
efficiency of salivarian and stercoralian?
SALIVARIAN is VERY EFFICIENT
STERCORALIAN is INEFFICIENT
INFECTION RATE OF SALIVARIAN
LOW
INFECTION RATE OF STERCORALIAN
HIGH
example vector for SALIVARIAN
TSETSE FLY (T. brucei complex)
example vector for STERCORALIAN
TRIATOMINE BUG (T. cruzi)
what PHASE of PATHOGENESIS does active infection occurs? how long?
ACUTE PHASE for 1-4 months duration
In ACUTE PHASE, children are ____ while most are ______
a. symptomatic, symptomatic
b. asymptomatic, asymptomatic
c. asymptomatic, symptomatic
d. symptomatic, asymptomatic
D. In acute phase, CHILDREN ARE SYMPTOMATIC while MOST ARE ASYMPTOMATIC
acute phase has characterized ____ of certain cells
INFLAMMATION
give example of NON-SPECIFICSIGNS and SYMPTOMS
fever, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, cutaneous lesion
how many years can INDETERMINATE PHASE/LATENCY PHASE lasts?
10-30 YEARS
in LATENCY PHASE, it is relatively ____ with __ detectable parasitemia
a. asymptomatic, no
b. asymptomatic, yes
c. symptomatic, no
A. in LATENCY PHASE, it is ASYMPTOMATIC with NO detectable parasitemia
In LATENCY PHASE, it still has INFECTIVE properties but the parasite is in DORMANT PHASE
TRUE
phase which is SEROPOSITIVE
INDETERMINATE/LATENCY PHASE
what PERCENTAGE of infected exhbit cardiomyopathy and megasyndromes?
10-30%
what PHASE does 10-30% of infected exhibit cardiomyopathy and megasyndromes? It is also the FATAL STAGE
CHRONIC PHASE
How many WEEKS does the INCUBATION PERIOD OF ACUTE PHASE LASTS’?
1-2 WEEKS
what are the LOCAL INFLAMMATION associated with the ACUTE PHASE?
ROMANA’S SIGN and CHAGOMA
it is the EDEMA of the EYELID and CONJUNCTIVA
ROMANA’S SIGN
it is characterized by inflammation at the site of injection?
CHAGOMA
an acute, often fatal, type of inflammation that develops in few individuals?
MYOCARDITIS
