Hemodynamics review Flashcards

1
Q

Define Preload

A

How much the ventricles have to stretch in order for the heart to fill up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of preloads we measure?

A

Preload of right ventricle

Preload of left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When measuring the right ventricle’s preload, what do we call it?

A

CVP = right ventricle preload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If we measure the left ventricles preload, what do we refer to it as?

A

PCWP (wedge pressure) of left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Your patient says they were exercising outside today. What did that to the heart function?

A

Due to them exercising, their preload would increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The doctor says your patient is hypervolemic. What does this do their heart functioning?

A

Being hypervolemic means having too much fluid - which increases preload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Your patient reports that someone scared them and caused them to fall. What did this do to the heart functioning?

A

Due to being scared, their sympathetic tone was increased and so the preload increased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

You have a patient with an AV fistula. What does this do to their heart functioning?

A

The AV fistula allows blood to bypass and shunt. So, this overall increases preload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What examples increase preload?

A

Exercise

Hypervolemia

Fight or flight/sympathetic tone

AV fistulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Your read that the patient is hypovolemic. What does this do their heart’s functioning?

A

Due to being dry, their preload is decreased.

(note: it can also decrease afterload as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Patient has a history of stenotic valves. What does this do their hearts functioning?

A

The stenosis causes less blood to be able to pass into the heart’s ventricles, so it decreases preload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

You are taking care of an A.fib patient. What does this mean for their heart functioning?

A

Their preload is decreased due to loss of the ability to fill adequately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Examples that decrease preload

A

Hypovolemia

Stenosis of tricuspid/mitral valves

A. fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Afterload

A

Afterload is the force the left ventricle has to overcome in order to eject blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Patient comes in with hypertension. What does this mean for their heart functioning?

A

Due to a high BP, the afterload requirements increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Results come back from the echo that the patient has Aortic Stenosis. What will this do the heart functioning? (be specific)

A

Since the aorta is directly tied to afterload, it being stenotic means there will be an increase in afterload needed.

17
Q

Patient labs show the patient recently suffered an MI. What does this mean for their heart functioning?

A

An MI causes the heart to not be able to push the body with blood as well. This means the afterload increases.

18
Q

Patient of yours has polycythemia. What does this do to their heart functioning?

A

This means their blood is thicker. And that would require an increase in afterload.

19
Q

Examples that increase afterload?

A

High SVR or Blood pressure

Aortic stenosis

Myocardial Infarction

Polycythemia

20
Q

Your patient has hypovolemia. What does this to to their afterload?

A

Hypovolemia will cause a decrease in afterload.

(it can also cause an decrease in preload)

21
Q

Your patient has septic shock. What does this do to their heart functioning?

A

The septic shock causes a decrease in resistance so afterload will decrease.

22
Q

Patient has hx of end stage cirrhosis. What does this do to their heart functioning?

A

End stage cirrhosis is of the liver but it can affect the kidneys. And so, the afterload will decrease.

23
Q

You have a patient taking nitrates/CBB/ace/arbs/ what does this do to heart functioning?

A

The vasodilators will decrease afterload due to lowering the resistance.

24
Q

If your patient has cirrhosis, what symptoms can you look for ?

A

Jaundice

Decrease UO

Anemic

Bilirubin scabs

25
If your patient has any form of shock, what symptoms can you look for?
Hypotension paired with Tachycardia Decreased cap refill Decrease UO Edema
26
Labs to check for cirrhosis
ASLT BUN CR WBC Lact
27
Define Contractility
The contraction's strength
28
Define Inotropic
_Force of energy_ of the contraction
29
Define Chronotropic
Time related, HR
30
Define stroke volume
Amount of blood ejected by the ventricles during during a contraction
31
Define Cardiac Output
Amount of blood pumped by the heart measured in Liters for one minute
32
Define Cardiac Index
Amount of blood pumped by the heart in L/minute but is more accurate due to surface area being used