Hemodynamics

Question 1

Stroke volume

Answer 1

50-100 ml/beat

Question 2

Stroke index

Answer 2

25-45 ml/m2

Question 3

Cardiac output

Answer 3

4-8 L/min

Question 4

Cardiac index

Answer 4

2.5-4 L/min/m2

Question 5

Ejection fraction

Answer 5

> 60%

Question 6

Wedge pressure (PCWP or PAOP)

Answer 6

8-12 mmHg

Question 7

Central venous pressure (CVP)

Answer 7

2-6 mmHg

…RV dysfunction

Question 8

Pulmonary artery pressure

> …

Answer 8

25/10

> 35/20 pulmonary HTN

Question 9

SvO2

Answer 9

Mixed venous oxyhemoglobin

60-75%

Question 10

SvO2 is obtained from which catheter?

Answer 10

Mixed venous oxyhemoglobin is obtained from the pulmonary catheter, the distal port, and slowly so you don’t get an arterial like sample.

Question 11

SvO2 is…

Answer 11

…the amount of oxygen still in hemoglobin when it returns to the lungs.
…normally 25% of o2 in hemoglobin is extracted
…falls when oxygen delivery falls, PO2 falls, oxygen demand and consumption increases

Question 12

Lactate

Answer 12

…another indicator of tissue oxygenation

1-2 mmol

High: metabolic acidosis, anaerobic metabolism

Question 13

LVEDV

Answer 13

Left ventricular end diastolic volume

Ex LV dysfunction ..pt maintains stroke volume by increasing LVEDV ..by EF drops

Question 14

Stroke volume falls with … (2)

Answer 14

1. Hypovolemia

2. LV dysfunction : left ventricle becomes too weak

Question 15

Preload

Answer 15

Amount of stretch in myocardial muscle before it contracts..

Estimated by the PAOP for LV and the CVP for RV assessment

Question 16

Starlings law

Answer 16

More stretch = more contraction

But too much stretch = weak contraction

Question 17

PAOP …

Answer 17

18…LV dysfunction /failure

Interpret along with low or high stroke index

Question 18

ST develops because of…(3)

Answer 18

1. Increase in metabolic rate like fever
2. Anxiety or fear
3. Reduction in stroke volume
   A. Hypovolemia
   B. LV dysfunction

Question 19

Mvo2

Answer 19

Myocardial oxygen consumption

Question 20

After load

Answer 20

Resistance a muscle faces as it tries to contract

Estimated by the SVR for LV resistance and the PVR for RV resistance

Question 21

Contractility

Answer 21

Strength of the muscle contraction

Estimated by the SV, PAOP, or CVP

Question 22

MAP

Answer 22

Mean arterial pressure

70-110 mmHg

Question 23

CVP is also a measure of…

Answer 23

RVEDP