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hemodynamics > hemodynamics > Flashcards

hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q
  1. how is the velocity of bloodflow related to the cross sectional area of a blood vessel or group of vessels?
A

velocity is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area. same flow all 3 points, velocity changes. capillaries- large cross sectional area (less velocity). aorta- small cross sectional area (large velocity)

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2
Q
  1. according to ohms law, what 2 factors determine blood flow through a blood vessel.
A

pressure gradient and resistance.
resistance same, increase pressure gradient = incr. flow
top same, resistance increases= decrease flow.
flow directly proportional to difference in pressure gradient

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3
Q
  1. define blood pressure
A

force exerted by the blood against any area of the vessel wall

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4
Q
  1. what is the conversion factor from mm-Hg(mercury) to cm-H20.
A

1mmHg = 1.36cm H20

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5
Q
  1. what is cerebral perfusion pressure
A

MAP- (CVP or ICP) whichever is higher. CPP is gradient for driving flow across brain

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6
Q
  1. what is poiseulle’s law?
A

flow is directly proportional to pressure gradient. flow is inversely proportional to length of tube. as radius is doubled, flow increases by 16 fold.
squeeze bag or raise IV bag- increase gradient.
increase tube length= decrease flow

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7
Q
  1. according to poiseulle’s law, what factor has the greatest impact on the rate of blood flow through a vessel?
A

RADIUS of vessel- doubling radius of tube causes 16 fold increase in flow

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8
Q
  1. what is resistance?
A

impedence to blood flow in a vessel- SVR and PVR (Ohms Law)

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9
Q
  1. can resistance be measured directly
A

No- must be calculated- SVR and PVR

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10
Q
  1. what is the formula for calculating SVR
A

MAP-CVP/COx80

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11
Q
  1. what is formula for calculating PVR
A

MPAP-PCWP/COx80

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12
Q
  1. how would you calculate resistance when blood vessels are arranged in a series

how would you calculate resistance when vessels are arranged in parallel

A

they become additive- adds length, adds resistance
Rtotal= R1+R2+R3+R4…

resistance drops when you add another piece
1/Rt= 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3…

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13
Q

13.if you added another blood vessel in a parallel arrangement would total vascular resistance increase or decrease and why?

A

TVR would drop when you add another part because increase radius has profound effect, expanded cross sectional area

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14
Q

14.what is laminar flow?

A

smooth efficient flow

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15
Q

15.what is turbulent flow?

A

colliding, all over the place, inefficient flow

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16
Q

16.what formula could you use to predict laminar vs turbulent flow?

A

Reynolds number 3000 turbulent

17
Q

17.what is relationship of hematocrit to blood viscocity?

A

as HCT increases, viscosity increases

18
Q
  1. as BP increases within a vessel why does blood flow increases much greater than one would expect?
A

as diameter increases, vessels are distensible, pressure up, flow up tremendously

19
Q

19 (1). what is most important monitor in OR

A

YOURSELF!

20
Q

20(2). name a return-to-flow technique of BP measurement

A

palpation, pulse ox, indwelling arterial catheter

21
Q

21(3). name several insertion sites for arterial catheters

A

radial, brachial, femoral, dorsalis pedis, axillary, ulnar

22
Q

22(4). in healthy individual with disease-free arteries, does SBP increase or decrease in leg relative to proximal aorta

A

increase

23
Q

23(5). what is damping

A

undershoot of diastolic, overshoot of systolic- like bridge that collapsed

24
Q

24(6). what is ringing

A

exaggerated waveform 40-50 above

25
Q

25(7). what are 3 waves of CVP

A

a- contraction, c- isovolumic contraction, v- tricuspid open, filling

26
Q

26(8). what are different waveworms that would be encountered when inserting a S-G from RIJ to PA

A

CVP, RAP, PAP, wedge

27
Q

27(9). what info can be gathered from SG

A

CO, CI, SV02, temp, PA pressures

28
Q

28(10). what steps would you take to inflate a PA catheter

A

slow, 1.5 cc air, watch monitor, stop with resistance, slow deflation

29
Q

29(11). 2 steps to zero a transducer

A

opening and leveling

30
Q

30(12). Fick principle of measuring CO

A

CO= 02 per min absorbed by lungs mL/min divided by
AV difference mL/L of blood
R heart 160mL/L– CO 5L/min - 02 used 200mL/min— L heart 200mL/L

31
Q

31(13) thermodilution method of measuring CO

A

passing cold fluid- lot of blood flow there is small temp change- HIGH CO- small area under curve

low bloodflow, big temp change- LOW CO- big area under curve

hemodynamics (1 decks)

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