Hemodynamic Monitoring

Question 1

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Answer 1

measurement of pressure, flow and oxygenation of blood within the cardiovascular system

Question 2

central venous pressure (CVP)

Answer 2

also known as right atrial pressure (RAP); preload of right ventricle
measures preload of right ventricle
normal reading 2-6mmHg* in a normal healthy heart (less than 2 = dried out; more than 6 = fluid overload)
measures vial distal port of triple lumen cath or blue port of Swan Ganz cath

Question 3

Left atrial pressure or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Answer 3

might see as PAWP or PAOP; left side of heart
reflect pressure of left atrium when balloon is inflated
measured at distal portion of Swan Ganz when balloon is inflated and wedges itself into pulmonary artery; only reads whats in front of it (left side of heart); doesn’t actually go down into left ventricle
measures LV preload
Normal readings 6-12 mmHg* in a normal healthy heart

Question 4

Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP)

Answer 4

measured at distal end of Swan Ganz cath
normal readings: systolic 15-25 mmHG (measuring pressure in the pulmonary artery during RV systole)
diastolic 8-15mmHg (measuring pressure in pulmonary artery at the end of RV diastole

looks like a blood pressure reading

Question 5

cardiac output

Answer 5

amount of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minutes
normal range: 4-8L/min*
measured by Swan Ganz cath
 - manual thermodilution
 - continuous cardiac output monitoring 

CO = HR X SV

Question 6

stroke volume

Answer 6

volume of blood ejected by the heart during each beat

normal in an adult is 60-70mLs

Question 7

Cardiac Index

Answer 7

the cardiac output according to body surface area (BSA)
calculated as CO/BSA (relates heart’s performance compared to body surface area)

normal range: 2.5-4.0 L/min/M2*

Question 8

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Answer 8

left ventricular after load

calculated as (MAP - CVP) X 80 divided by CO
normal: 800-1200*

Question 9

Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2)

Answer 9

reflects oxygenation at Tissue Level
measured by fiber optics
Swan Ganz or Triple Lumen with the SVO2 capability
Normal 60-80%* –> measuring amount of O2 in blood when it comes back through the heart
may guide nursing care

Question 10

Transducer

Answer 10

converts physiological events into electrical signals
To zero turn Stop cock upward and remove cap to atmospheric air

the distal port is always transduced

Question 11

Phlebostatic Angle

Answer 11

level of right atrium, lies at 4th inter coastal at midaxillary line
patient is supine but accuracy has been determine to be 0-60 degrees

Question 12

Allen’s Test

Answer 12

Arterial Monitoring

assesses patency of radial-ulnar arch
no puncture if color return is greater than 7 seconds