Hemodialysis Flashcards
Parts of a HD system
Dialyzer
Dialysate
Vascular access routes
HD machines
Diazlyer
Artificial kidney Blood compartment Dialysate compartment Semipermeable membrane Enclosed support structure
Types of vascular access
Arteriovenous fistulas and grafts
Temporary vascular access
Complications with vascular access sites
Thrombosis
Infection
Aneurysm
Ischemia (steal syndrome)
Steal Syndrome
Patients with vascular access has the fistula decrease arterial blood flow to areas below the fistula
Symptoms vary from cold or numb fingers to gangrene
Procedure
2 needles placed in fistula or graft
1 needle is placed to pull blood from circulation to the HD machine
The other needle is used to return the dialyzed blood to the patient
Termination
What is added to the blood during the procedure?
Heparin because any time blood contacts a foreign substance it has a tendency to clot
What is saline used for?
To prime tubing/dialyzer before dialysis to eliminate are and flushing dialyzer with saline to remove all the blood
Before treatment, what should the nurse do?
Complete assessment of fluid stats, condition of access, temperature, skin condition
During treatment, what should the nurse do?
Be alert to changes in condition
Monitor VS every 30-60 mintues
Complications
Hypotension Muscle cramps Loss of blood Hepatitis Disequilibrium syndrome
What can dialysis not fully replace?
Function of kidneys
What can dialysis do?
Ease many symptoms
Prevent certain complications
