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hemeonc > hemeonc ch1 > Flashcards

hemeonc ch1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does a complete blood count (cbc w diff) include? (6 things)

A
  • wbc
  • hgb/hct
  • rbc count
  • rbc indices
  • wbc diff
  • plt count
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2
Q

what is leukocytosis? what is it due to?

A

increase in WBCs 10,000 <

- infxn, inflammation, leukemia (fighting it so increases)

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3
Q

define leukopenia? what causes it?

A

dec. in WBCs <5000

- BM failure

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4
Q

order of leukocytes from largest to smallest

A

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils

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5
Q

define hemoglobin and it’s #

A

protein that carries O2 in blood
Males: 14-18
Females 12-16

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6
Q

what is Hematocrit and it’s normal volume

A

RBCs out of total blood volume; Males 42-52; females 37-47

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7
Q

define MCV and it’s normal measurement

A

size of RBC; 80-100*

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8
Q

what best classifies anemias and what are the 3 types

A

MCV* 80-100

Microcytic, Normocytic, Macrocytic

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9
Q

what is MCH and what is its measurment

A

amount of HGB per RBC

30-34

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10
Q

what is MCHC and its measurement

A

avg conc. of Hgb in RBCs;

31-37

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11
Q

what is an immature RBC called?

A

reticulocyte

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12
Q

what determines bone marrow function

A

reticulocyte

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13
Q

would post-hemolysis* indicate an increased OR decreased retic count?

A

increased retic count - inc rbc production

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14
Q

what is the most abundant cell type

A

RBC

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15
Q

what is a Hemoglobin molecule composed of?

A

4 globin chains (2 alpha;2 beta) with 4 heme groups (containing iron)

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16
Q

what does heme bind to? what binds to globin portion?

A

O2 binds to heme; Co2 binds to globin

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17
Q

what type of hemoglobin due kids have more of?

A

HbF

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18
Q

what is the primary function of leukocytes

A

immune response

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19
Q

what wbc are granulocytes and which are agranulocytes?

A

granulocytes: neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil
agranulocytres: lymphocytes, monocytes

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20
Q

which leukocyte is involved in acute bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophils

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21
Q

which Leukocyte is involves in parasitic infection?

A

eosinophil

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22
Q

which leukocyte is involved in inflammatory response and vasodilation?

A

basophils

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23
Q

what are lymphicytes

A

t cells and B cells

24
Q

what utilizes antibody production against target (humoral immunity)?

A

B cells

25
Q

what acts directly against target? (cell mediated)

A

T cells

26
Q

what is the role of macrophages?

A

circulating macrophages/phagocytic

27
Q

what is a peripheral smear used for?

A

allows for microscopic evaluation of cell shape, number, qualities

28
Q

the formation of red blood cells is known as ____

A

hematopoiesis

29
Q

where does hematopoiesis occur in adults vs children?

A

bone marrow*** vs spleen/liver

30
Q

where is EPO formed and what is it produced in response to?

A

produced in the kidney to send oxygen to tissues

31
Q

a decreased EPO with renal failure leads to

A

anemia

32
Q

anisocytosis

A

abnl variation in size

33
Q

what are cells with decreased concentration of Hgb called?

A

hypochromia

34
Q

what is abnormal cell shape called?

A

poikilocytosis

35
Q

a low hematocrit and hemoglobin signify

A

anemia

36
Q

what does it mean if reticulocytes are LOW?

A

problem is IN the marrow –> low RBC production

37
Q

what does it mean if reticulocytes are HIGH?

A

problem is NOT in the marrow –> reflects ongoing RBC production

38
Q

what are the examples of microcytic anemia?

A

iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia, sickle cell, and sideroblastic

39
Q

describe the labs of iron deficiency anemia

A 
low MCV (microcytic/small shape); Low MCH (hypochromic, low Hgb)
**low serum iron, HIGH TIBC, low ferritin, dec percent transferrin saturation***
40
Q

where does iron absorption mainly take place?

A

duodenum

41
Q

describe the patho of iron deficiency

A

no iron = no heme = no hgb= no O2 = no RBC

42
Q

what is the protein that stores iron in the cells?

A

ferritin

43
Q

what happens to ferritin levels in iron deficiency?

A

decreases- in effort to free up iron to become heme

44
Q

what measures the amount of free iron in the serum?

A

Serum Iron (Fe)

45
Q

what is an indirect measure of transferring?

A

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

46
Q

what holds iron in the serum and what happens to this during iron deficiency?

A

Transferrin - elevates during iron def as a futile attempt to gather more iron

47
Q

what is the most common cause of anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia

48
Q

what is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia?

A

CHRONIC blood loss

49
Q

symptoms of iron deficiency anemia?

A

ASYMPTOMATIC*** other times are sob, fatigue, weak

50
Q

type of mutated anemia that results in one or more globin chain loss

A

thalassemia

51
Q

what does thalassemia lead to ____?

A

hemolysis

52
Q

a classic finding of microcytosis out of porpotion to the degree of anemia is known as?

A

thalassemia

53
Q

how many and what -globin is in thalassemia

A

2 beta globin genes vs 4 alpha thalessemis

54
Q

trait/silent carrier vs thalassemia major

A

trait/silent (mild)

transfusion defencity

55
Q

what is the gold standard for evaluating iron deficiency

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

56
Q

what does hemoglobin electrophoreissis due?

A

evaluates the type of Hgb in RBCs

hemeonc (1 decks)

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