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hemeonc > HemeOnc > Flashcards

HemeOnc Flashcards

1
Q

bradykinin

A

vasodilates art, constricts vv, incrs permeability, incrs pain
-incrs brady when no C1 esterase inhib (high brady when low C1)

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2
Q

c1 Esterase inhib

A

incrs C1

-blocks kallikrein

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3
Q

direct Xa inhib (anticoags)

A

apiXaban, rivaroXaban, fondaparinuX

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4
Q

direct THROMBIN inhibs

A

argatroban, bivalirudin, dabigatran

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5
Q

prothrombin——–+?——>thrombin

A

factor Va

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6
Q

Plasminogen——+/- (tpa)—->plasmin

A

+ :thrombolytics: altepase, reteplase, streptokinase

- :Aminocaproic acid

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7
Q

no clinically signif bleeding

A

factor12 deficiency

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8
Q

req. Ca2+ and phospholipid

A

factors 8a, 5a, 7—->7a

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9
Q

first abnormal factor in liver dz

A

7

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10
Q

Acanthocyte/spur cell

A

liver dz, abetalipoproteinemia, chol. dysreg.

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11
Q

degmacyte/bite cell

A

G6PD def

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12
Q

where is excess iron in a sideroblast

A

mito

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13
Q

schistocyte/helmet

A

DIC, TTP/HUS, HELLP, uremia, pyruvate kinase def

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14
Q

malignant skin cancers

A

melanoma, basal cell

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15
Q

clonality of B lymphoctyes

A

determined by Ig light chain (light chain either Kappa or Lambda)

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16
Q

screening

A

catches dysplasia (reversible)

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17
Q

Arsennic/cig smoke

A

Sqaumous cell carc, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of the liver

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18
Q

angiosarcoma of the liver

A

arsenic, vinyl chloride

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19
Q

EBV in a chinese/african male

A

nasopharyngeal carc, burkitt, CNS lymphoma in AIDS

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20
Q

High risk HPV

A

Squamous cell carc of vag, adenocarc of cervix

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21
Q

ionizing radiation

A

AML, CML, papillary carc of thyroid—>hydroxyl free radicals

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22
Q

NONionizing radiation

A

UVB–>basal cell, squamous cell, melanoma00>pyrimidine dimers

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23
Q

func of CDK4

A

CDK phosphorylates RB—> promotes cell cycle going thru G1/S checkpt
-mutation= melanoma

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24
Q

RAS-GDP

A

inactive

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25
Q

GTPase

A

if no GTPase, RAS cant shut off GTP so get too much growth

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26
Q

CND1

A

make sure cell goes G1 to S without mutations

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27
Q

p53

A

g1–>s regulation and upregs DNA repair enzymes (BAX)

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28
Q

BAX

A

disrputs BCL2 and now cytC leaks out and activates apop.

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29
Q

Rb

A

G1—>S

-if RB mutated, lots of E2F around and get too much growth

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30
Q

E2F transcription factor

A

goes to S phase

-E2F is released when Rb is phosphorylated by CDK4

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31
Q

role of BCL2

A

stabilize mito mem so nothing leaks

-bcl2 overexpressed in follicular lymphoma

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32
Q

pdgf overexpressed

A

astrocytoma

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33
Q

RET point mutation

A

medullary carc of thyroid

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34
Q

KIT point mutation

A

GI stromal tumor

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35
Q

CYCLIN D1 (11;14) translocation

A

mantle cell lymphoma

36
Q

telomerase

A

leads to immortality if cancers upreg it

37
Q

carcinoma

A

spread via lymph (some spread via blood like choriocarc, RCC, HCC, follicular carc thyroid). KERATIN+

38
Q

poorly differentiated

A

malignant

39
Q

chromogranin

A

neuroendocrine cells- SCC of lung and carcinoid tumors

40
Q

S-100

A

melanoma, schwannoma, langerhans cell histoicytes

41
Q

vimentin

A

mesenchyme, sarcomas

42
Q

desmin

A

muscles

43
Q

grading

A

assess differentiation; determines Px

44
Q

staging

A

size and spread (S-S-S); BETTER determines Px

45
Q

painless gross hematuria

A

bladder cancer

46
Q

MAHA

A

DIC, TTP, HUS

47
Q

scd

A

high LDH, Indirect Bilirubin. LOW haptoglobin

48
Q

platelet plug

A

coagulation cascade stabilizes it

49
Q

links plates to aggregate

A

fibrinogen

50
Q

t(12:21)

A

ALL

51
Q

Tx for hairy cell

A

cladribine, pentostatin

52
Q

smudge cells

A

CLL

53
Q

BCR-ABL, 9;22

A

CML

54
Q

imatinib is Tx for

A

CML

55
Q

which leukemia has low LAP d/t malignant neuts

A

CML

56
Q

follicular lymphoma

A

BCL2, 14;18, abnorm GCs

57
Q

BRAF oncogene

A

ser/threonine kinase

-melanoma, NHL

58
Q

KRAS oncogene

A

colon/lung/pancreatic cancer,

59
Q

which lymphoma is assoc with EBV

A

hodgkin

60
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura

A

megakarocytes, few but large plates, AntiplatletAbs

-HIGH bleeding time

61
Q

TTP

A

schostocytes, HIGH LDH

-neuro, renal sx

62
Q

what is the problem with Fe in Anemia of chronic dz

A

prob with Fe utilization, not Fe deficiency

63
Q

Hepcidin is high in what dz

A

SLE

64
Q

hepcidin MOA

A

block transfer of Fe from Macrophages to RBC

-and decrs Fe absorption from gut

65
Q

OCP/preggers and Fe

A

high tranferin (transports Fe in blood) or TPO

66
Q

sideroblastic anemia signs

A

HIGH Fe,ferritin.

67
Q

sideroblastic anemia Tx

A

vitB6

68
Q

what enzyme is def in CGD

A

NADPHoxidase (CGD would show up negative on NBT test)

69
Q

which anemia has a POSITIVE direct coombs test

A

autoimmune hemolyic anemia

70
Q

direct coombs test

A

anti-Ig ab is added to pts serum; RBS coag if RBCs are coated with Ig

71
Q

indirect coombs

A

normal RBCs are added to pts serum; if serum has anti-RBC ab, you see RBCs coag

72
Q

Heinz bodies are

A

denatured Hb

73
Q

Bite cells are

A

phag removal of Heinz bodies by splenic macrophages

74
Q

G6P DH def

A

cant form NADPH (NADP+—G6PDH—->NADPH), so cant keep glutathione reduced
-LOW NADPH= hemolytic anemia

75
Q

what causes basophilic stippling

A

not degrading rRNA (so RBCs retain aggregates of rRNA)

76
Q

kid has needed blood tranfusions since birth

A

Bthal. major

77
Q

high HbF and HbA2 NO HbA1(no HbA2B2=no Bchain)

A

Bthal. major

78
Q

most likely place for colon (GI tract)metastasis

A

liver

79
Q

where is the primary tumor in brain cancer

A

lung

80
Q

which clotting factors are made in the liver

A

2,7,9,10

81
Q

intrisic pathway deals with

A

PTT

82
Q

what causes itching in Polycythemia vera

A

basophils

83
Q

TTP labs

A

high LDH, schistocytes, low platelets, high bleeding time

84
Q

Bcr-abl

A

9:22

always active tyr-kin

85
Q

indirect coombs test

A

to test blood compatibility before a transfusion

86
Q

brown blood

A

Tx with methylene blue; means there is too much Fe3+ in the blood

hemeonc (1 decks)

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