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Hematology/Oncology > Heme/Labs > Flashcards

Heme/Labs Flashcards

1
Q

Too Few Cellular Elements are Named with the Suffix

A

Cytopenias

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2
Q

Too Many Cellular Element are Named with the Suffix:

A

Cytoses

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3
Q

Erythrocytopenia is Generally Called?

A

Anemia

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4
Q

what is an anemia

A

is a sign, not a disease, and as such, it may be the first indication of many other diseases and conditions from nutritional deficiencies to genetic abnormalities, from connective tissue diseases to a GI Bleeding

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5
Q

Anemias can range in terms from various signs such as?

A

may be a just a laboratory abnormality with no symptoms or it may be so severe that it is life-threatening

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6
Q

Erythrocytosis is Generally Associated with?

A

Chronic Hypoxia such as in COPD, Smoking or Living at High Altitudes

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7
Q

Isolated Erythrocytosis is almost always?

A

Secondary to chronic hypoxia, COPD, Smoking or Living at high altitudes

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8
Q

Erythrocytosis Associated with Other “Cytoses” are Generally Associated with?

A

Myeloproliferative Syndromes such as Polycythemia vera

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9
Q

Leukopenia’s May Be Primarily Due to?

A

Marrow Failure as might be seen in Myelodysplastic syndromes

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10
Q

Leukopenia’s may also be caused by?

A

Drugs, Infections, Cancers or Connective Tissue disorders

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11
Q

Leukocytosis may be primarily caused by?

A

myeloproliferative disorders or acute or chronic leukemias

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12
Q

Leukocytosis may be secondary to?

Leukocytosis is defined as how many WBC?

A

drugs, infections, Cancers or inflammatory conditions

Defined as WBC>10,000

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13
Q

Neutrophilic leukocytosis is called what

A

neutrophilia or granulocytosis

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14
Q

Lymphocytic Leukocytosis`

A

Lymphocytosis

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15
Q

Eosinophilic Leukocytosis

A

eosinophilia

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16
Q

Monocytic Leukocytosis

A

monocytosis

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17
Q

Basophilic Leukocytosis

A

Basophilia

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18
Q

What is the first step you should do after identifying Leukocytosis

A

Check Peripheral smear

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19
Q

RBC count measures?

A

of circulating RBCs in 1 mm3 of peripheral venous blood

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20
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb) measures?

A

Measure of the total amount of Hgb in an aliquot of peripheral blood; used as a rapid indirect measurement of the total body RBC count

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21
Q

Hematocrit measures?

A

Measure of % of RBCs per blood volume; used as an indirect measurement of total body RBC mass

22
Q

Mean Corpuscular Volume measures?

A

Measurement of the average volume (size) of a RBC

23
Q

Platelet Count

A

of platelets per cubic mm of blood

24
Q

Reticulocyte Count

(Important) measures

A

Young, immature, non-nucleated RBCs
Indication of RBC production by bone marrow.
For the level to be meaningful it must be viewed in relation to the total number of erythrocytes (absolute reticulocyte count = % reticulocytes x erythrocyte count)

25
Q

What is a Rouleaux Formation?

A

Are RBC’s that are stacked together. This would cause a RBC count to be low and could only be revealed by microscopy. So microscopy is important in helping to diagnose the condition that is causing the CBC abnormality.

26
Q

what is a Microcytic Hypochromic anemia?

A

RBC’s are smaller than normal (microcytic) and with increased zone of central pallor (hypochromic-less Hgb)

27
Q

What is a Macrocytic anemia with hyper-segmented neutrophils

A

RBCs increased in size (macrocytic) and neutrophil with more lobes (hypersegmented) than norm of 3-4 lobes. Findingds Indicative of Megaloblastic anemias commonly due to folate or B12 deficiencies

28
Q

Anisocytosis

A

variation of the size of RBC’s

29
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Variation of the shape of RBC’s

30
Q

Shistocytes

A

Fragment RBC, which are indicative of a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

31
Q

Howell-Jolly Body

A

RBC that contains several Howell-Jolly bodies or inclusions of nuclear chromatin remnants. Would be seen in a patient who is lacking a spleen

32
Q

Basophilic Stippling

A

in which erythrocytes display small dots at the periphery. The dots are ribosomes and can often be found in the peripheral blood smear. suggesting toxic injury to the bone marrow (ex. Lead poisoning,hemolysis,thalasesemia) or severe anemia (magaloblastic anemia) contain RNA

33
Q

Acanthocytes are associated with

A

(spur cells) Severe liver disease, malnutrition

34
Q

Bite cells or blister cells are associated with

A

G6PD deficiency

35
Q

Basophilic stippling is associated with

A

Hemolysis, Lead poisoning, thalassemia

36
Q

Echinocytes or burr cells are associated with

A

Renal failure

37
Q

Rouleaux is associated with

A

multiple myeloma

38
Q

Shistocytes and fragmented RBC’s are associated with

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, DIC, Vasculitis, malignant HTN, Eclampsia

39
Q

Stomatocytes are associated with

A

alcoholism, hereditary stomatocytosis

40
Q

Target cells are associated with

A

thalassemia, hemoglobins C,D,E and S, Liver disease

41
Q

Teardrop cells are associated with

A

myelofibrosis, myelophthisis-bone marrow infiltration by neoplastic cells

42
Q

Reactive lymphocytes are associated with

A

viral infections

43
Q

hypersegmented neutrophils are associated with

A

Pernicious anemia

44
Q

Microcytic- low MCV are associated with

A

-Advanced Iron deficiency anemia
-Thalassemia Trait
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead Poisoning
-Anemia of chronic disease/inflammation

45
Q

Normocytic- Norm MCV are associated with

A

-bone marrow aplasia/hypoplasia
-Renal/Liver disease
Myelofibrosis
-Myelodysplasia
-Hemolytic Anemia
-Hemorrhagic anemia
-Chronic disease/inflammation

46
Q

Macrocytic-High MCV are associated with

A
  • B12 Deficiency
  • Folate Deficiency
  • Prior cancer or Chemo
  • Myelodysplasia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Liver Disease
47
Q

What is the function of Neutrophils?

A

Engulf and destroy small bacteria and foreign substances

48
Q

What is the function of Lymphocytes?

A

Some destroy foreign cells by causing their membranes to rupture; some develop into cells that produce antibodies targeting specific foreign substances

49
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Monocytes: Give rise to leukocytes that engulf and destroy large bacteria and substances

50
Q

what is the function of eosinophils?

A

Attack parasites; limit inflammation associated with allergic reactions

51
Q

what is the function of basophils?

A

Release histamines that cause inflammation; release anticoagulants, which prevent blood clots

Hematology/Oncology (7 decks)

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