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MLT 108 HEME > HEME EXAM 2 CH16 > Flashcards

HEME EXAM 2 CH16 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Anemias

A

Iron deficiency
Pernicious
Megaloblastic
Hemorrhagic
Hemolytic
Thalassemia
Aplastic
Sideroblastic

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2
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Lack of absorption or loss iron

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3
Q

Pernicious

A

Lack of intrinsic factor for B12 absorption

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4
Q

Megaloblastic

A

Lack of B12 and folate

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5
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

Loss of RBCs due to bleeding

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6
Q

Hemolytic

A

Defects in cell membrane causing cell rupture

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7
Q

Thalasemmia

A

Hereditary deficiency of hgb

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8
Q

Aplastic

A

Destruction of BM due to toxins or radiation

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9
Q

Sideroblastic

A

Ineffective erythropoiesis

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10
Q

Categories of anemia

A

Blood loss and impaired production

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11
Q

Categories of anemia: Blood loss

A

Acute and chronic

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12
Q

Categories of anemia: Impaired production

A

Aplastic
Iron deficiency
Sideroblastic
Megaloblastic
Anemia of chronic disease

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13
Q

2 types of hemolytic anemia defects

A

Inherited and acquired

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14
Q

Inherited defects

A

Membrane defects
Enzyme deficiencies
Hemaglobinopathy

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15
Q

Membrane defects

A

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE)

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16
Q

Enzyme deficiences

A

G6PD and pyruvate kinase (PK)

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17
Q

Hemaglobinopathy

A

Sickle cell disease (HbSS) and thalassemias

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18
Q

Acquired defects

A

Immune-mediated
Non-immune

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19
Q

Immune-mediated

A

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia and autoimmune hemolytic anemia

20
Q

Non-immune

A

Chemicals, drugs, venoms
MAHA, TTP, HUS, DIC
Infectious microorganisms

21
Q

Mechanisms of anemia

A

Reduced life span of RBCs
Ineffective erythropoiesis
Insufficient erythropoiesis

22
Q

Reduced life span of RBCs

A

120 days of normal survival
amount loss and replaced per day 1%

23
Q

Ineffective erythropoiesis

A

RBCs that are defective or destroyed before reaching circulation

24
Q

Anemia disease example of ineffective erythropoiesis

A

Megaloblastic, thalassemia and sideroblastic

25
Q

Insufficient erythropoiesis

A

Bone marrow fails to produce enough RBCs

26
Q

Anemia disease example of insufficient erythropoiesis

A

Inadequate iron intake, malabsorption, erythropoietin deficiency, autoimmune and granulomas

27
Q

Reticulocytosis in anemia

A

Indicates BM is working properly to compensate for anemia

28
Q

Reticulocytopenia in anemia

A

Seen in anemia due to reduced RBC production

29
Q

Blood smear examination for diagnosis

A

Microcytosis
Macrocytosis
Hypochromia
Polychromasia
Spherocytes
Schistocytes
Target cells
Sickle cells
Howell-Jolly bodies
Basophilic stippling
Heinz bodies
Rouleaux formation

30
Q

Microcytosis

A

Small RBC
Associated with iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia

31
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Large RBCs
Associated with vitamin B12/folate deficiency and liver disease

32
Q

Hypochromia

A

Pale RBCs
Iron deficiency anemia

32
Q

Polychromasia

A

Bluish RBCs
Reticulocytosis

33
Q

Spherocytes

A

Small and round RBCs
Hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolysis

34
Q

Schistocytes

A

Fragmented RBCs
MAHA, DIC, TTP, and HUS

35
Q

Target cells

A

Thalassemia and liver disease

36
Q

Sickle cell

A

Crescent shaped
Sickle cell disease

37
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

Nuclear remnants
Post-splenectomy and megaloblastic anemia

37
Q

Basopillic stippling

A

Blue granules in RBCs
Lead poisoning and thalassemia

38
Q

Heinz bodies

A

Denatured hgb
G6PD deficiency

39
Q

Rouleaux formation

A

Stacked RBCs
Multiple myeloma and hyperproteinemia

40
Q

Normal MCV and Normal MCHC

A

Normocytic normochromic
Acute blood loss, aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia

41
Q

Decreased MCV and decreased MCHC

A

Microcytic hypochromic
Iron -deficiency anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia

42
Q

Increased MCV and normal MCHC

A

Macrocytic normochromic
Megaloblastic anemia

42
Q

Normal RDW

A

Homozygous

43
Q

Increased RDW

A

Heterozygous

MLT 108 HEME (4 decks)

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