Heme and Oncology III Flashcards
Cisplatin, carboplatin (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Crosslinks DNA; nephrotoxicity (minimize with chloride diuresis, amifostine), acoustic n. damage
Etoposide, teniposide (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits topoisomerase II; myelosuppression, GI upset, alopecia
Hydroxyurea (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and increases HbF; used in cancers and HbSS disease; bone marrow suppression
Prednisone, prednisolone (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Unknown but may trigger apoptosis in dividing/non dividing cells; Cushingoid symptoms
Tamoxifen, raloxifene (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Prevents estrogen receptor binding; used in breast cancer and prevention of osteoporosis; tamoxifen increases the risk of endometrial cancer due to agonist effects. Raloxifene = no increase in endometrial cancer.
Trastuzumab (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Antibody against HER-2 receptor; cardiotoxicity
Imatinib (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Antibody against bcr-abl tyrosine kinase
Rituximab (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Antibody against CD20; used to treat non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis
Vemurafenib (mechanism, use, toxicity)
B-raf kinase inhibitor (V600 mutation); used in metastatic melanoma
Bevacizumab (mechanism, use, toxicity)
Antibody against VEGF; hemorrhage and impaired wound healing
Irinotecan, topotecan (mech, use, toxicity)
Inhibits topoisomerase I and prevents DNA unwinding/replication; severe myelosuppression, diarrhea
Leucovorin(use,mechanism)
folinic acid, it is a metabolite of folic acid; given with methotrexate to replish the body’s folate stores.
Protamine sulfate (use, mechanism)
antidote to heparin overdose. Protamine is a postive ion that binds to negative heparin, inactivating it.
