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HemOnc > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Stem cell –> (2)

A
  1. myeloid line

2. lymphoid line

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2
Q

granulocytes (4)

A
  1. basophils
  2. neutrophils
  3. eosinophils
  4. most Mast cells
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3
Q

CFU EMeg –> (2)

A
  1. RBCS

2. Megakaryocytes –>platlets

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4
Q

monocytes –>

A

macrophage

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5
Q

hematopoietic stem cells are _________

A
  1. multipotent (capacity to differentiate into 10 blood cell lines)
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6
Q

GM-CSF
M-CSF
G-CSF

A
  • granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors
  • Macrophage colony stimulating factors
  • Granulocyte colony stimulating factors
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7
Q

Hematopoietic growth factors

A

CSF-colony stimulating factors

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8
Q

Thrombopoietin produced in _______, stimulates _________ production

A

liver,

megakaryocyte

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9
Q

up to puberty all marrow is ____ and ________ _______

A

red,

hematopoietically active

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10
Q

by 18 half of marrow is _______ _______, thus ______

A

yellow fatty,

inactive

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11
Q

% of whole blood volume which is composed of RBCs

A

hematocrit

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12
Q

Heme made of ______ made in ______

A

Fe,

mitochondria

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13
Q

Hemoglobin =

A

heme + globin

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14
Q

HbA structure

A

a2b2 97% of total hemoglobin in adult

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15
Q

HBA2

A

a2d2 2%

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16
Q

HbF

A

a2gama2 .7%

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17
Q

75% of fetal hemoglobin

A

HbF a2gama2 – allows fetus to extract O2 from placenta

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18
Q

^pH (base) vTemp

A

Less O2 delivered “left shift”

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19
Q

fetal hemablobin ____ shift on dissociation curve

A

Left – want more O2 delivered

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20
Q

v pH (acidic) ^Temp

A

More O2 delivered “right shift”

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21
Q

partial pressure of O2 at which Hb is half saturated w/ O2

A

p50

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22
Q

O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve

A

O2 carrying capacity of Hb at dif PO2

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23
Q

Hb S

A

sickle–R shift

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24
Q

Hb F

A

fetal –left shift

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25
Q

immature RBC

A

reticulocyte–has some ribosomal material left–will stain w/ methylene blue

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26
Q

erythropoiesis regulation

A
  1. proper bone marrow function
  2. supplies of (Fe, folate, vit B-12)
  3. signals–(erythropoietin, thyroxin, testosterin, GH)
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27
Q

stresses on RBCs (3)

A
  1. mechanical
  2. osmotic
  3. oxidative
    while passing through cap beds
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28
Q

shape allows for greater

A

SA:Volume ratio (allows rapid diffusion of O2 and CO2)

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29
Q

functionality and lifespan depends on (3)

A
  1. cell shape
  2. cytoplasmic viscosity
  3. membrane deformability and stability
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30
Q

cytoplasmic viscoity determined by

A

MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentraiton –water vs honey

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31
Q

_____ filters RBCs – destroyed by

A

spleen,

monocytes/macrophages

32
Q

intravascular hemolysis pathologic in(4)

A
  1. heart valve damage
  2. complement fixation to RBC
  3. damage from microangiopathies
  4. abnormalities affecting RBC stability
33
Q

G6PD

A

structural component – decrease will lead to ^ likelihood of lyse

34
Q

Hb catabolism

A
  1. Fe transported via transferrin to marrow erythroblasts
  2. protoporphyrin ring –> bilirubin to liver
  3. globin chains broken into amino acids
35
Q

MCV

A

mean cell vollume (average volume of a RBC)

36
Q

MCH

A

mean cell hemoglobin (concentration of hemoglobin in RBC)

37
Q

MCHC

A

mean cell hemoglobin concentration (viscocity) roughly the same as MCH

38
Q

RDW

micro/macrocytic

A

red blood cell distribution width (degree of variation in the size of the RBC’s–large vs. small–norm 11-15%)

39
Q

hypo/hyperchromic MCH

A
  • less dense

- more dense

40
Q

quantification of RBCs (2)

A
  1. hemoglobin concentration or

2. hematocrit

41
Q

Elevated/depressed RBC’s

A
  • plycythemia

- anemia (production (bone marrow, defective production), low lifespan, or blood loss)

42
Q

attack “marked” bacteria, neutral (don’t stain w/ acid or base), 2-4 lobes,

A

neutrophils

43
Q

neutrophils may be elevated from (4)

A
  1. infection
  2. surgical stress
  3. trauma
  4. exogenous CS
44
Q

elevated in allergies and hypersensitivity rxns, release toxic nitiric oxide compounds

A

eosinophils

45
Q

basophils / Mast cells

A

eat up damaged tissues, release granules containing histamines, allergies and anaphylaxis

46
Q

EBV

A

infectious mononucleosis

47
Q

large, twice size of RBCs, enter tissue to become macrophage, STRONG phagocytizers, engulf objects

48
Q

elevated in VIRAL infxion

A

lymphocytes (T, B, NK)

49
Q

T cell types (3)

A
  1. cytotoxic T-cells–attack foreign bodies
  2. Helper T cells–help stim T and B cells
  3. Suppressor T cells-inhibit T and B cells
50
Q

self and non-self differentiation

A

MHC major histocompatitility complex

51
Q

hymoral immunity

A

B-cell–activated by helper T-cell,

52
Q

activated B-cell

A

plasma cells slide 63 for B cell activation

53
Q

most abundant antibody in serum–indicative of past infx and possible immunity

54
Q

FIRST antibody produced (acute infx), LARGE, remains in blood

55
Q

mucosal surfaces, coat pathogens when transported across skin, MILK

56
Q

role in anaphylaxis/allergy, attaches to Basophils and Mast cells

57
Q

surface of virgin B cells

58
Q

key role of hemostasis, 1/3 in spleen, 7-10 day lifespan, granular,

59
Q

platelet surface

A

glycoproteins responsible for aggregation, rxn w/ VWF, and adhesion

60
Q

platelet production stimulated by (3)

A
  1. thrombopoietin from liver
  2. interleukin 6
  3. CSF’s
61
Q

pt’s coagulable state is determined via balance btwn (3)

A
  1. platelet count
  2. extent of tissue damage
  3. availability of clotting factors
62
Q

Nutshell–RBC measurements can change w/ (6)

A
  1. infx
  2. anemia
  3. hemoglobinopathies
  4. hemolysis
  5. bone marrow defects
  6. medications
63
Q

Platelets are affected by (4)

A
  1. bone marrow defect
  2. inflammatory processes
  3. coagulopathies
  4. autoimmune processes
64
Q

WBC’s and their differentials are altered by (5)

A
  1. various infxs
  2. allergies
  3. bone marrow defects
  4. malignancies
  5. medications (steroids)
65
Q

WBC stain red

A

eosinophils–red w/ eosin dye

66
Q

eosinophils attack objects covered w/ ________ (i.e.)

A

antibodies, (bac, protozoa, cellular debris, cocci infxn, hodgkin’s lymphoma, CML, parasites)

67
Q

elevated in allergies and hypersensitivity

A

eosinophils

68
Q

phagocytic granulocytes specialized to eat parasites (2)

A

basophils and eosinophils

69
Q

pus =

A

dead granulocytes

70
Q

“eat” and help activate the immune system–filter body fluids–clear orgs and particles

A

Dendritic cells–lymph/myeloid lineage

71
Q

the extent of membrane deformation that can be induced by force impact

A

the more deformable the membrane, the less force needed to move the cell through narrow spaces

72
Q

stability of RBCs regulated by structural proteins impact:

A

the max extent of deformation that a membrance can undergo–decreased stability leads to cell fragmentation under normal circulating stresses

73
Q

RBC shape altered in (2)

A
  1. hemoglobinopathies

2. congenital hemolytic anemias (spherocytes)

74
Q

heme broken down into (2)

A
  1. Fe

2. biliruben–>liver–> urobilenogen (excreted)

75
Q

What will REDUCE cellular deformability

A
  1. membrane loss (reductino of SA)

2. increase in cell water content

HemOnc (7 decks)

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