Hematopoiesis

Question 1

Which phase of hematopoiesis involves the yolk sac as the primary site of blood cell formation?
a) Mesoblastic phase
b) Hepatic phase
c) Myeloid phase
d) Extramedullary phase

Answer 1

Answer: a) Mesoblastic phase

Question 2

Hematopoiesis refers to the process of:
a) Apoptosis of blood cells
b) Differentiation of stem cells into neurons
c) Formation and development of blood cells
d) Breakdown of hemoglobin into bilirubin

Answer 2

c) Formation and development of blood cells

Question 3

In adults, the primary site of hematopoiesis is:
a) Spleen
b) Liver
c) Bone marrow and peripheral lymphatic tissues
d) Yolk sac

Answer 3

c) Bone marrow and peripheral lymphatic tissues

Question 4

Which phase of hematopoiesis involves the yolk sac as the primary site of blood cell formation?
a) Mesoblastic phase
b) Hepatic phase
c) Myeloid phase
d) Extramedullary phase

Answer 4

a) Mesoblastic phase

Question 5

Which type of stem cell is capable of differentiating into any type of blood cell?
a) Totipotent stem cell
b) Pluripotent stem cell
c) Multipotent stem cell
d) Unipotent stem cell

Answer 5

b) Pluripotent stem cell

Question 6

What is the role of erythropoietin in hematopoiesis?
a) Stimulates white blood cell production
b) Enhances platelet aggregation
c) Promotes the differentiation of megakaryocytes
d) Stimulates red blood cell production

Answer 6

d) Stimulates red blood cell production

Question 7

The hepatic phase of hematopoiesis is characterized by:
a) Formation of blood cells in the yolk sac
b) Expansion of blood cell production to the liver
c) Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow
d) Hemoglobin breakdown in the spleen

Answer 7

b) Expansion of blood cell production to the liver

Question 8

During the myeloid phase, which of the following sites becomes the primary location for hematopoiesis?
a) Liver
b) Bone marrow
c) Spleen
d) Thymus

Answer 8

b) Bone marrow

Question 9

Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into which of the following progenitor cells?

Myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells
b) Neurons and glial cells
c) Epithelial and endothelial cells
d) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 9

a) Myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells

Question 10

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of granulocytes?
a) Erythropoietin
b) Thrombopoietin
c) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
d) Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Answer 10

c) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

Question 11

Which cell type is responsible for initiating the clotting cascade during injury?
a) Erythrocytes
b) Neutrophils
c) Megakaryocytes
d) Platelets

Answer 11

d) Platelets

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the term “extramedullary hematopoiesis”?
a) Hematopoiesis outside the bone marrow
b) Hematopoiesis confined to the bone marrow
c) Hematopoiesis in the central nervous system
d) Hematopoiesis during the embryonic phase only

Answer 12

a) Hematopoiesis outside the bone marrow

Question 13

Lymphopoiesis primarily occurs in which of the following tissues?
a) Bone marrow
b) Thymus
c) Peripheral lymphoid organs
d) All of the above

Answer 13

d) All of the above

Question 14

What triggers the switch from fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to adult hemoglobin (HbA)?
a) Birth and increased oxygen levels
b) The initiation of erythropoiesis
c) The cessation of hepatic hematopoiesis
d) Iron deficiency in neonates

Answer 14

a) Birth and increased oxygen levels

Question 15

The term “lymphoid progenitor” refers to a cell that can differentiate into:
a) Erythrocytes and megakaryocytes
b) Neutrophils and basophils
c) T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells
d) Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 15

c) T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

Question 16

Which of the following cells is the earliest committed progenitor of erythrocytes?
a) Hemocytoblast
b) Proerythroblast
c) Myeloblast
d) Reticulocyte

Answer 16

b) Proerythroblast

Question 17

What condition results from prolonged or undivided cell maturation due to nuclear defect?
a) Megaloblastic maturation
b) Normoblastic maturation
c) Dyspoiesis
d) Erythropoiesis

Answer 17

a) Megaloblastic maturation

Question 18

Which deficiencies are commonly associated with megaloblastic maturation?
a) Iron and Vitamin D
b) Vitamin B12 and folate acid
c) Calcium and potassium
d) Magnesium and zinc

Answer 18

b) Vitamin B12 and folate acid

Question 19

gives rise to blood cells and tissue cells of an embryo

Answer 19

HEMIHISTIOBLAST

Question 20

What cells are classified as myeloid cells?
a) Red blood cells and monocytes
b) Granulocytic and monocytic cells
c) Lymphocytes and monocytes
d) Basophils and lymphocytes

Answer 20

b) Granulocytic and monocytic cells

Question 21

Synchronous maturation is also referred to as:
a) Megaloblastic maturation
b) Normoblastic maturation
c) Dyspoiesis
d) Myelopoiesis

Answer 21

b) Normoblastic maturation

Question 22

In asynchronous maturation, which part of the cell usually experiences delayed development?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Mitochondria
d) Plasma membrane

Answer 22

b) Nucleus

Question 23

What is the primary cause of retarded nuclear development in asynchronous maturation?
a) Cytoplasmic defect
b) Deficiency in DNA synthesis
c) Overproduction of protein
d) High iron levels

Answer 23

b) Deficiency in DNA synthesis