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Immunology > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define hematopoiesis.

A

Refers to the generation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets from a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.

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2
Q

Where do cellular components of blood come from?

A

The same progenitor cell housed within the bone marrow.

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3
Q

What is the lineage of Dendritic Cells?

A 
Hematopoietic Stem Cell --> 
Common Myeloid Lineage --> 
Monocyte Progenitor -->
Unknown Progenitor -->
Dendritic Cell.
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4
Q

What is the lineage of a mast cell?

A

Hematopoietic stem cell –> Common Myeloid lineage –>

Mast Cell.

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5
Q

What is the lineage of Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils?

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell–> Common Myeloid Lineage –>

Granulocyte Progenitor –> Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils

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6
Q

What four cells come from the common myeloid lineage?

A
  1. Megakoryocyte/Erythroid Progenitor
  2. Monocyte Progenitor
  3. Mast Cell
  4. Granulocyte Progenitor
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7
Q

What two lineages come from the Hematopoietic Stem Cell?

A

Common Myeloid Lineage

Common Lympoid Lineage

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8
Q

What three cells come from the common lymphoid lineage? And then?

A
  1. B Cell - Plasma Cell.
  2. T Cell - Helper, Cytotoxic Cell.
  3. Natural Killer Cell.
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9
Q

What cells come from a monocyte progenitor cell from the myeloid lineage?

A
  1. Unknown Progenitor –> Dendritic Cell.

2. Monocyte –> Macrophage.

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10
Q

Monocytes are found in the ______ circulation and are precursor cells for __________ and __________ cells.

A

peripheral
dendritic
macrophages

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11
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Phagocytic cells that remove particulates (bacteria, debris, dying cells, etc.) from tissues they reside in.

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12
Q

Can macrophages present foreign antigens? What nickname do they get?

A

Yes, they have ability to present foreign antigens on their surface for removal.
Referred to as professional “antigen presenting cells” (APC).

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13
Q

What is a macrophage in blood called?

A

Monocyte

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14
Q

What is a macrophage in general body tissue called?

A

Histiocyte.

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15
Q

What is a macrophage in the central nervous system called?

A

Microglial cells.

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16
Q

What is macrophages in the lung called?

A

Alveolar Macrophages.

17
Q

What is macrophages in the liver called?

A

Kupffer cells.

18
Q

What is macrophages in the skin called?

A

Langerhan cells

19
Q

What are macrophages in the kidneys called?

A

Mesanglial cells

20
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Prof. Antigen Presenting Cells (APS)
Reside in tissues.
Engulf and present antigens to other cells in the immune system, mostly T cells.

21
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

Secrete toxic chemicals from their granules to combat parasites.

22
Q

What happens to the Eosinophil population when a person is suffering from allergies or inflammation?

A

Produced in larger quantities in individuals who are suffering from allergies or inflammation..

23
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Secrete toxic chemicals form their granules in cases of parasitic infection and inflammation.

24
Q

Basophils are in the _________ circulation and act as precursor cells for ______ cells.

A

peripheral

mast

25
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Found in tissues.
Similar in function and morphology to blood basophils.
Contain large granules with many chemical mediators, such as histamine–>released during times of inflammation.

26
Q

Where are neutrophils found?

A

In the peripheral circulation.

27
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Phagocytic cells.

Remove extracellular pathogens.

28
Q

What name is given to neutrophils as a result of their nucleus’ appearance?

A

Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) due to appearance of multi-lobed nucleus.

29
Q

List the myeloid lineage cells and their % of which they are found in the blood.

A 
Neutrophil 50-70%
Lymphocyte 20-40%
Monocyte 3-11%
Eosinophil 0-5%
Basophil 0-1%
30
Q

What do B cells do?

A

Dedicated to the production of immunoglobulins and antibodies.

31
Q

What do plasma cells do?

A

Secrete antibodies.

Associated with lymphoid tissues.

32
Q

What are T cells? What do they become?

A

Lymphoid cells that once activated by the presence of pathogens become effector T cells: cytotoxic or helper cells.

33
Q

What do cytotoxic cells do?

A

Cytotoxic cells are effector T cells that function to remove intracellular pathogens (i.e. viruses) and tumor cells.

34
Q

What do helper cells do?

A

Helper cells are effector T cells that remove extracellular pathogens (i.e. bacteria) be activating other cells of the immune system.

35
Q

What do Natural Killer cells do?

A

Natural Killer cells remove virally infected cells and tumor cells from tissues by releasing cytotoxic chemicals from their granules.

Immunology (12 decks)

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