Hematopoiesis Flashcards
Define hematopoiesis.
Refers to the generation of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets from a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.
Where do cellular components of blood come from?
The same progenitor cell housed within the bone marrow.
What is the lineage of Dendritic Cells?
Hematopoietic Stem Cell --> Common Myeloid Lineage --> Monocyte Progenitor --> Unknown Progenitor --> Dendritic Cell.
What is the lineage of a mast cell?
Hematopoietic stem cell –> Common Myeloid lineage –>
Mast Cell.
What is the lineage of Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils?
Hematopoietic Stem Cell–> Common Myeloid Lineage –>
Granulocyte Progenitor –> Eosinophils, Basophils, and Neutrophils
What four cells come from the common myeloid lineage?
- Megakoryocyte/Erythroid Progenitor
- Monocyte Progenitor
- Mast Cell
- Granulocyte Progenitor
What two lineages come from the Hematopoietic Stem Cell?
Common Myeloid Lineage
Common Lympoid Lineage
What three cells come from the common lymphoid lineage? And then?
- B Cell - Plasma Cell.
- T Cell - Helper, Cytotoxic Cell.
- Natural Killer Cell.
What cells come from a monocyte progenitor cell from the myeloid lineage?
- Unknown Progenitor –> Dendritic Cell.
2. Monocyte –> Macrophage.
Monocytes are found in the ______ circulation and are precursor cells for __________ and __________ cells.
peripheral
dendritic
macrophages
What are macrophages?
Phagocytic cells that remove particulates (bacteria, debris, dying cells, etc.) from tissues they reside in.
Can macrophages present foreign antigens? What nickname do they get?
Yes, they have ability to present foreign antigens on their surface for removal.
Referred to as professional “antigen presenting cells” (APC).
What is a macrophage in blood called?
Monocyte
What is a macrophage in general body tissue called?
Histiocyte.
What is a macrophage in the central nervous system called?
Microglial cells.
What is macrophages in the lung called?
Alveolar Macrophages.
What is macrophages in the liver called?
Kupffer cells.
What is macrophages in the skin called?
Langerhan cells
What are macrophages in the kidneys called?
Mesanglial cells
What are dendritic cells?
Prof. Antigen Presenting Cells (APS)
Reside in tissues.
Engulf and present antigens to other cells in the immune system, mostly T cells.
What do eosinophils do?
Secrete toxic chemicals from their granules to combat parasites.
What happens to the Eosinophil population when a person is suffering from allergies or inflammation?
Produced in larger quantities in individuals who are suffering from allergies or inflammation..
What do basophils do?
Secrete toxic chemicals form their granules in cases of parasitic infection and inflammation.
Basophils are in the _________ circulation and act as precursor cells for ______ cells.
peripheral
mast
What are mast cells?
Found in tissues.
Similar in function and morphology to blood basophils.
Contain large granules with many chemical mediators, such as histamine–>released during times of inflammation.
Where are neutrophils found?
In the peripheral circulation.
What do neutrophils do?
Phagocytic cells.
Remove extracellular pathogens.
What name is given to neutrophils as a result of their nucleus’ appearance?
Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) due to appearance of multi-lobed nucleus.
List the myeloid lineage cells and their % of which they are found in the blood.
Neutrophil 50-70% Lymphocyte 20-40% Monocyte 3-11% Eosinophil 0-5% Basophil 0-1%
What do B cells do?
Dedicated to the production of immunoglobulins and antibodies.
What do plasma cells do?
Secrete antibodies.
Associated with lymphoid tissues.
What are T cells? What do they become?
Lymphoid cells that once activated by the presence of pathogens become effector T cells: cytotoxic or helper cells.
What do cytotoxic cells do?
Cytotoxic cells are effector T cells that function to remove intracellular pathogens (i.e. viruses) and tumor cells.
What do helper cells do?
Helper cells are effector T cells that remove extracellular pathogens (i.e. bacteria) be activating other cells of the immune system.
What do Natural Killer cells do?
Natural Killer cells remove virally infected cells and tumor cells from tissues by releasing cytotoxic chemicals from their granules.
