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Hematology > Hematopoesis > Flashcards

Hematopoesis Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoiesis is what and occures where?

A

Formation of all blood cells

Occur in the bone marrow

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2
Q

Erythrocytes are what?

A

RBC

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3
Q

Trombocytes are what?

A

platelets

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4
Q

Leukocytes are what?

A

White blood cells
-myeloid cells
-lymphocytes
Need to keep the one there that needs to continue to make daughter cells so you can have them throughout your life

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5
Q

What week of gestation do we make red blood cells?

A

5th week

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6
Q

What continues to make these blood cells in the fetus?

A

liver and spleen

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7
Q

What about after you are born for making bloods cells?

A

bone marrow

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8
Q

Where is the red marrow generally confined to in an adult?

3

A

pelvis ribs and sternum

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9
Q

Why are RBC donut shaped?

A

increase surface area for carrying oxygen

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10
Q

Thrombocyte is oddly shaped why?

A

to latch on to stuff

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11
Q

Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells develop into what?

5

A 
Erythroblast
Myeloblast
Monoblast
Lymphoblast
Megakaryoblast
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12
Q

What path does the Eryrthoblast follow and what does it become?

A

Erythroid pathway)

Mature into Erythrocytes

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13
Q

What path does the myeloblast, monoblast, and lymphoblast follow and what do they mature into?

A

(Leukocyte pathway)

Mature into granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte

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14
Q

What path does the megakaryoblast follow and what does it mature into?

A

(thrombocyte pathway)

Mature into megakaryocyte, then thrombocyte

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15
Q

How does growth factor regulate blood cells?
What are examples?
2

A

A protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation
Examples: cytokines and hormones

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16
Q

What is cytokine associated with historically?

2

A

hematopoietic cells and immune system cells.

17
Q 
Abbreviations to remember?
Tpo
GM-CSF
Epo
G-CSF
A
  1. Thrombopoietin
  2. Granulocyte Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
  3. Erythropoietin
  4. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
18
Q 
Other abbreviations to be familiar with?
SCF
IL
M-CSF
SDF-1
FLT-3 ligand
TNF-a
TGFb(beta)
A

SCF= Stem Cell Factor
IL= Interleukin
M-CSF= Macrophage-colony stimulating factor
SDF-1= Stromal cell-derived factor-1
FLT-3 ligand= FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
TNF-a = Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TGFβ = Transforming growth factor beta

19
Q

What is thrombopoietin?

A

myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes (thrombocyte-forming cells)

platelets

20
Q

What is erythropoietin?

Where is it produced?

A

Regulates maturation from a myeloid progenitor cell (erythroid precursor) to become an erythrocyte

Produced in the kidneys (Renal Medulla)

21
Q

Why is Erythropoietin produced in the kidney?

3

A
  1. Operates at low-oxygen tension and participate in the blood filtration
  2. Sensing and regulating the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
  3. Reduced (or increased) oxygen in the blood
    - -increased (reduced) erythropoietin
    - -Increased (reduced) erythrocytes in the bone marrow

Is able to read how the blood is regulated so thats why its produced there

22
Q

Function of G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, GCSF, or CSF-3) ?

A
  1. Involved in proliferation and maturation of granulocytes, neutrophils and stems cells
  2. Stimulate the production of leukocytes
23
Q

What leukocytes does G-CSF stimulate specifically?

3

A

Stimulate to produce granulocyte and stem cells in the bone marrow
Stimulate survival, proliferation, differentiation, and function of neutrophil precursors and mature neutrophils

  1. granulocytes
  2. stem cells
  3. neutrophils
24
Q

What kind of infection is G-CSF specifically needed in?

A

bacterial

25
Q

What is GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) ?

A

Cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor.

26
Q

Whats the clinical significance of GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)?

A

Medication to stimulate the production of white blood cells following chemotherapy.

27
Q

What stimulates the immune/inflammatory cascade?

Describe the steps in the cascade
3

A

GM-CSF

  1. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes.
  2. Monocytes, then, mature into macrophages.
  3. Activation of a small number of macrophages can rapidly lead to an increase in their numbers, a process crucial for fighting infection.
28
Q

What are the two components of blood tissue?

A

Formed elements and plasma

29
Q

What makes up the formed elements of blood tissue?

3

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

30
Q

What makes up the plasma portion of blood tissue?

3

A

aqueous medium, containing proteins, small molecules, and ions

31
Q

What are erythrocytes missing?

3

A

No nucleous, No mitochondria, no ribosomes

32
Q

What is the size and frequency of RBCs in the body?

A

Small cells
Diameters: 6.5-8 um
4-6 million cells/uL

33
Q

What are the size and frequency of leukocytes in the body?

A

Larger
Diameters: 12-15 um
Less abundant: 4000-10,000 cells/uL

34
Q

Describe platelets

3

A

small
150,000-450,000 cells/uL (more than leukocytes; less than erythrocytes)
No nucleus

35
Q

Whats the difference b/w GM-CSF and G-CSF?

A

GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor):

  • stimulates production of granulocytes (mostly neutrophils) and monocytes/macrophages
  • used clinically to improve regeneration of these cells after bone marrow transplant

G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor):

  • stimulates production of granulocytes (mostly neutrophils)
  • used clinically to prevent infections in pts who have received chemo

Hematology (18 decks)

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