Hematopoesis

Question 1

% RBCs

Answer 1

Males = 41-53%
Females = 36-46%

Question 2

% Leukocytes in humans

Answer 2

1% of blood volume

Question 3

% of plasma

Answer 3

49-64%

Question 4

Make up of plasma

Answer 4

90% water
7% protein
0.9% inorganic ions

Question 5

Albumin

Answer 5

protein carriers; clotting factors; lipoproteins

Question 6

Globulin: alpha/beta

Answer 6

protein carrier, clotting factors, lipoproteins

Question 7

Gamma globulin

Answer 7

immunoglobulins (antibodies)

Question 8

Fibrinogin and prothrombin

Answer 8

aid in clot formation

Question 9

Serum

Answer 9

Plasma from which the blood cells and fibrinogen has been separated in the process of clotting
-straw colored, contains factors released by platelets, but not clotting factors or platelets

Question 10

erythrocytes

Answer 10

RBCs, carry o2 and co2, 
5 billion per mL
120 life span
lack organelles and nucleus
flexible and fit tight spaces
7.5 microns

Question 11

macrocyte

Answer 11

Enlarged erythrocyte
>9micron
due to low folic acid

Question 12

microcyte

Answer 12

Small erythrocyte

Question 13

reticulocyte

Answer 13

immature RBC
1-2% of RBCs
have residual ribosomal RNA (stains blue)

Question 14

hematocrit

Answer 14

% of RBC in blood

Question 15

neutrophils

Answer 15

Granulocytes, polymorphonuclear
1st responders in inflammation and infection
50-70% of leukocytes in circulation
2-5 lobed nuclei
Live in CT for 1-4 days, then 6-7 hours in the blood
Formed in medullary cavity of bone marrow
once matured they move to medullary storage in large numbers

Question 16

Eosinophils

Answer 16

1-3% of leukocytes
6 days in tissue, 8-18 hours in blood
often bilobed, sometimes 3 lobes
normal for them to found in CT underlying epithelia
Increased levels can indicate Helminth infection
able to tone down inflammatory response with histaminase and arylsulfatase

Question 17

Basophils

Answer 17

0.3% of leukocytes
60-70 hours
irregularly lobed
granules obscure the nucleus
specific granules
-heparin, histamine, peroxidase, leukotrienes...

Question 18

Lymphocytes

Answer 18

18-42% of leukocytes

T-cells and B-cells

Question 19

T-cells

Answer 19

100-200 days
60-80% of lymphocytes
cell medicated immunity
mature in the thymus

Question 20

B-cells

Answer 20

3-4 days
20-30% of lymphocytes
humoral immunity
mature in the bone marrow

Question 21

Monocytes

Answer 21

2-8% of leukocytes
horsehoe shaped nuclei
precursers, when in CT become macrophages

Question 22

Eosinophilia

Answer 22

increase number of eosinophils
associated with allergic reactions
and helminthic infections

Question 23

What is shift to left

Answer 23

more band neutrophils in CBC, often means inflammation or leukemia