Hematology Terms

Question 0

Anemia causes

Answer 0

Decrease in production

Increase in destruction

Blood loss (trauma)

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

Low red blood cell count (RBC)

and/or low hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct).

Question 2

Reticulocyte count

Answer 2

The lab value that measures immature erythrocytes/RBC and is used to determine bone marrow activity.

Question 3

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Answer 3

The lab value that reflects the average size of the RBCs;

derived from a ratio of packed RBCs to total RBCs.

Question 4

Normocytic

Answer 4

RBCs are the average size, usually expressed through a normal MCV. (80-100)

Question 5

Micrcytic

Answer 5

small RBCs, usually expressed through low MCV (<80).

Question 6

Macrocytic

Answer 6

large RBCs, usually expressed through high MCV (>100).

Question 7

Normochromic

Answer 7

a RBC having the normal color due to adequate hemoglobin, usually expressed through a normal MCHC.

Question 8

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Answer 8

Lab value that estimates the hemoglobin concentration.

Not as helpful as MCV.

Question 9

Ferritin level

Answer 9

a lab test that is used to determine available iron stores in the body.

Question 10

Hemoglobin

Answer 10

a protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that carries O2 and CO2.

There are different types: 
	Hb F (infants)
	Hb A (most adults)

Question 11

Hemoglobinopathy

Answer 11

a group of inherited disorders characterized by structural variations of the hemoglobin molecule.

ie: Hb S seen in patients with sickle cell anemia

Question 12

Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

Answer 12

lab test that identifies hemoglobin type

Question 13

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 13

a hemoglobinopathy that occurs in people homozygous for Hb S resulting in distorted and fragile RBCs.

Question 14

Aplastic anemia

Answer 14

anemia due to decreased red cell production

Usually seen with pancytopenia and results from the failure of bone marrow to generate new cells.

Question 15

Hemolysis

Answer 15

break down or destruction of RBCs

Question 16

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 16

a disorder involving a premature destruction of RBCs.

causes can be inherited defect in RBCs, or non-inherited such as an immune disorder

G6PD is one type that occurs episodically

Question 17

Iron deficiency

Answer 17

inadequate iron supply for normal hemoglobin synthesis.

results from diet, poor absorption, or chronic bleeding

Question 18

Thalassemia

Answer 18

an inherited hemolytic hemoglobinopathy caused by deficient synthesis of hemoglobin polypeptide chains.

classified according to which chain is involved:
alpha-thalassemia or
beta-thalassemia

Question 19

Sideroblastic anemia

Answer 19

characterized by abnormal production of large, immature and dysfunctional erythrocytes

includes B12 and folate deficiencies

Question 20

Hematology course divided into what 5 general categories?

Answer 20

How the blood responds 
anemias
coagulopathies
malignancies
immunohematology

Question 21

Cytokines

Answer 21

proteins that are involved in cell-to-cell communication and control stem cell differentiation into specific cell types.

Question 22

Erythropoietin

Answer 22

a cytokine that influences stem cells to develop into red blood cells (RBCs)

Question 23

Blasts

Answer 23

these are blood cells that are in an immature stage of development

these should only be found in the bone marrow (BM); blasts found circulating in the blood indicate a likely malignancy

Question 24

White blood cells

leukocytes

Answer 24

granulocytes

monocytes

lymphocytes

Question 25

Granulocytes

Answer 25

neutrophils

basophils

eosinophils

Question 26

Innate immune response

Answer 26

Granulocytes and monocytes respond to foreign cells.
non-specific response that does not arise from a previous infection and has no memory.
includes the complement cascade which involves >30 proteins that act in sequence to stop attack

Question 27

Adaptive immune response

Answer 27

-acquired immunity-
Lymphocytes and monocytes respond to foreign substances. involves a method of learning and remembering specific antigens.