Hematology pt 1

Question 1

define edema

Answer 1

the accumulation of excessive fluid within the interstitial spaces or within body cavities

Question 2

define congestion

Answer 2

an abnormal or excessive accumulation of a body fluid

Question 3

define ascites

Answer 3

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (liver disease, CHF)

Question 4

define infarction (ischemic insult)

Answer 4

localized region of necrosis or cell death caused by a reduction in arterial perfusion below a level required for cell viability

Question 5

infarction can occur anywhere in the body that has ____ to blood flow

Answer 5

obstruction

Question 6

most common places to see infarction

Answer 6

GI, heart, CNS

Question 7

define anemia

Answer 7

condition that develops when one’s blood lacks enough healthy, functional RBC or Hb

Question 8

define leukocytosis

Answer 8

an increase in # of leukocytes in blood

Question 9

define leukopenia/neutropenia

Answer 9

reduction in # of leukocytes in the blood (below 5,000 cells/ml)

Question 10

alpha and beta globulins transport ____ and _____

Answer 10

lipids, fat-soluble vitamins

Question 11

gamma globulins are ____ that function in immunity

Answer 11

antibodies

Question 12

Pathologies of hematologic system result in…

Answer 12

• Cellular disorders
• Circulatory disorders
• Functional disorders

Question 13

define hypoalbuminemia

Answer 13

• decreased uptake of fluid in capillaries

- causes edema

Question 14

symptoms of cerebral edema

Answer 14

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blurred vision
• Faintness
• Seizures and coma (severe cases)

Question 15

give 2 examples of peripheral dependent edema

Answer 15

hiking all day and fingers start to get swollen or HF pt stands up and their ankles get swollen

Question 16

we want pts with pulmonary edema to ____ so upper alveoli can drive function of breathing

Answer 16

sit upright

Question 17

PAD restrictions for PT (aerobic activity)

Answer 17

• Blood flow is compromised bc it can spill over into the arterial side and has nowhere to go except interstitial space
• Can have them still do relatively low aerobic activity

Question 18

s/s of a febrile, non-hemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 18

• Fever, chills
• HA
• N&V
• HTN
• Tachycardia

Question 19

what populations are at inc risk for anemia?

Answer 19

• women
• chronic diseases
• older adults

Question 20

how to dx anemia

Answer 20

• CBC
• Low Hb and HCT
• Abnormal RBC geometry and development
• Ferritin levels low
• Serum iron-binding protein levels

Question 21

s/s of anemia (Larry & Paula Felt Weak During Fast Axing)

Answer 21

• Lightheadedness
• Pallor
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Dyspnea
• Fainting
• Angina

Question 22

diminished ____ and easy ____ may be expected in anyone with anemia

Answer 22

exercise tolerance, fatiguability

Question 23

Lymphocytes secrete ____ that react with antigens and initiate destruction or ____ of foreign pathogens

Answer 23

antibodies, phagocytosis

Question 24

Lymphocytes coordinate immune response through release of ____ and ____

Answer 24

lymphokines, inflammatory modulators

Question 25

s/s of leukocytosis

Answer 25

• Fever
• Headache
• SOB
• Symptoms of localized or systemic infection
• Symptoms of inflammation
• Trauma to tissue

Question 26

PT implications of leukocytosis

Answer 26

• Know WBC count
• Understand how #s have changed overtime
• Understand WBC count does not equal neutrophil count

Question 27

what do you have to rely on to tell if there is an infection present in pts with leukopenia/neutropenia?

Answer 27

body temp