Hematology/ Immunology Flashcards
What are the byproducts of RBCs
Bilirubin
Iron
What are the assessment findings for anemia (7)
Pallor
Fatigue
Weakness
Tachycardia
Increased RR
Dizziness
HA
Irritability
What are some risks for patients with anemia
Prone to Infections
Infections worsen with anemia
Which populations are at risk for Iron deficiency Anemia (7)
Preterms infants
Multiple Births
Infants 6-24 months
Female adolescents
Mothers has Iron deficiency
Milk babies , >32 oz
Pica habits ( eating nonfood substances)
What are some management for Iron deficiency Anemia
Diet- iron enriched foods
Oral iron supplements- ferrous sulfate
Blood transfusions
What is some patient education for Iron supp. (5)
No milk
Give on empty stomach
Give will citrus juice
Use straw/dropper
Stools will be tarrry
What are some triggers for sickling
Dehydration
Acidosis
Hypoxia
Temp changes
Infection
What happens during a sickling attack
Blockage of blood vessels causing ischemia and infarction
What are some acute signs of a vaso-Occlusive crisis (VOC)(6)
Acute pain
Fever
Edematous hand and feet
Arthralgia
Leg ulcers
CVA
Abdominal pain
What are some chronic signs of VOCs (5)
Splenomegaly
Hepatomegaly
Kidney issues
Bone changes
Retinal detachment
What are some signs of acute chest syndrome (6)
Fever
Cough
Chest pain
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Deceased O2
What is some management for VOC (4)
Hydration - I&O, Electrolytes replacement
Analgesics
Blood transfusion
Hydroxyurea
What is the safe level for lead in children?
0 . Lead is not safe for children
What level of lead is considered lead poisoning
> 5mcg
What can lead poisoning cause?
Anemia
What are some s/s of lead poisoning (8)
Anemia
Cramping
Vomiting
Constipation
Anorexia
HA
Lethargy
Impartial growth
What are some CNS early signs of Lead poisoning (4)
Impulsiveness
Short attention span
Aggression
Decreased interest in play
Irritability
What are some late CNS manifestations of lead poisoning
Mental retardation
Paralysis
Blindness
Convulsions
Coma
Death
Can the late CNS symptoms for lead poisoning be reversed?
No
What are the normal ranges for HGb
Newborn
Infants
Kids
Adolescents
14-24
10-17
9.5-15.5
12-18