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Hematology > Hematology Exam > Flashcards

Hematology Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Where are monocytes found/stored?

A

found in blood stream

stored in spleen

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2
Q

Where are macrophages?

A

tissue

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3
Q

What type of immunity are NK cells

A

non-specific immunity, recognize NON-self

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4
Q

Bandemia

A

Left shift = high number of immature WBC

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5
Q

What do you see with left shifts and what does it indicate?

A 
increase segments and bands on CBC 
serious infections (bacterial)
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6
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow suppressed , no production

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7
Q

Leukemoid Rxn is define by what lab result?

A

leukocytosis >50,000

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8
Q

What do you have to rule out with leukocytosis of >50,000?

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

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9
Q

What is leukemoid Rxn caused by?

A

infection

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10
Q

normal WBC count

A

4,400 - 11,000 cells/microL

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11
Q

WBC count for severe neutropenia

A

<500 cells/microL

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12
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in O2 carrying capacity of blood from low RBC or HGB defect or defect in iron carrying capacity

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13
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC in blood

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14
Q

normal HGB for adult male and female

A

men: 13.8-18 g/dL
women: 12.1 - 15.1 g/dL

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15
Q

What lab results to look at in anemia?

A

HGB
HCT
RBC count

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16
Q

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia caused by

A

HGB alpha/beta chain defect: thalassemia
heme porphyrin ring defect: porphyria
iron availability: IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA BIGGEST CAUSE

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17
Q

MCV, MCHC, MCH lab results for hypochromic, microcytic anemia

A

MCV: <80 fL
MCHC: <32 fL
MCH: <27 fL

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18
Q

normal MCV

A

80-100 fL

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19
Q

Ratio of HCT to HGB

A

HCT always 3x HGB

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20
Q

MCV formula

A

(10 x HCT%) / RBC count

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21
Q

1 Tx for iron deficiency

A

ferrous sulfate (PO) atleast 3 months (ideal = 6mon)

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22
Q

Most common causes of iron deficiency

A

Menstrual bleed
Pregnancy + Lactation
GI bleed

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23
Q

Gold standard test for iron deficiency

A

serum ferritin

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24
Q

Sideroblastic anemia

A

bone marrow produces ringed sideroblast instead of healthy RBC (ring of iron deposits)
hyperchromic, microcytic

25
Q

What to see on smear for sideroblastic anemia

A

hyperchromic, microcytic, ringed sideroblasts

26
Q

Treatment for sideroblastic anemia

A

controlling symptoms and prevent organ damage from iron overload
Chelation therapy to remove iron

27
Q

Thalassemia

A

abnormal alpha, beta HGB

target cells

28
Q

What to see on smear for Thalassemia

A

hypochromic, microcytic, target cells

29
Q

Most common symptoms seen with Porphyria

A

cutaneous skin symptoms like photosensitivity

30
Q

What should you check midway through pregnancy?

A

anemia

31
Q

Which Hgb is >90% in normal?

A

Hgb A

32
Q

low Haptoglobin levels

A

intravascular hemolysis

33
Q

What test measures clotting time of extrinsic clotting factors?

A

PT/INR, monitors warfarin

34
Q

What test measures clotting time of intrinsic clotting factors?

A

aPTT, monitors heparin

35
Q

What test is used to monitor warfarin?

A

PT/INR

36
Q

What test is used ot measure heparin?

A

aPTT

37
Q

MCV formula

A

(HCT x 10) / RBC

38
Q

MCH formula

A

(Hgb x 10)/ RBC

39
Q

MCHC formula

A

(Hgb x 100) / Hct

40
Q

Nearly all anemias present as what size INITIALLY?

A

normocytic

41
Q

cobalamin

A

vitamin B12

42
Q

most worrisome renal manifestation of sickle cell disease

A

glomerulonephropathy

43
Q

life span of platelet

A

1-10 days

44
Q

What mineral is required for clotting?

A

Ca++

45
Q

What factors/agents polymerizes fibrin?

A

F8 and Ca++

46
Q

tissue clotting factors are only part of what pathway?

A

Extrinsic

47
Q

majority of clotting factors produced from where?

A

liver

48
Q

Vitamin K dependent pro-coagulants*

A

Factors 2, 7, 9, 10

49
Q

Vitamin K dependent anti-coagulant*

A

Warfarin

50
Q

Function of Protein C and S

A

inactivate F5a and F8a, anti-coagulant

protein S activates C

51
Q

Number 1 cause of inherited thrombophilia***

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

52
Q

most common hereditary bleeding disorder***

A

von willebrand’s disease

53
Q

plasmin function

A

dissolves clot, breaks down fibrin

54
Q

Hemophilia A

A

F8 deficiency (X-linked)

55
Q

Hemophilia B

A

F9 deficiency (X-linked)

56
Q

Hemophilia C

A

F11 deficiency

57
Q

Where is vWF produced?

A

megakaryocyte

endothelial cells

58
Q

protamine sulfate

A

inactivates heparin

59
Q

Felon

A

deep fingertip fat pad abscess

requires drainage or OR!

Hematology (1 decks)

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