Hematology and Oncology Flashcards
Absolute Eosinophilia Count
Greater than 500/uL
Red Flag signs of Eosinophila
AEC >1500/uL
presence of end organ damage
- Absolute Basophilia Count
- In the absence of infection, what should you be your workup heading to?
- Greater than 200/uL
- myeloproliferative neoplasms
- Absolute monocytosis count
- Usual etiology of monocytosis?
- Absolute monocytopenia count
- Greater than 800/uL
- primary hematologic disorders
- <400/uL
Absolute neutropenia count
<1500/uL
Absolute lymphocyte count for lymphopenia
<1000/uL
- accounts for 90% of adult leukemias
- accounts for children leukemias
- AML
- ALL
- CML treatment
- CML usually derived from (?) translocation?
- Indolent malignancy of mature B cells
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Philadelphia Chromosome (t9:22)
- CLL
What are your B symptoms?
10% weight loss
fever
night sweats
Diagnostic tests that confirms specific subtypes of leukemia
Bone marrow studies
Treatment for CLL?
BTK inhibitors, P13K delta inhibitors, BCL2 inhibitors
Critical component of managing cancer
assessment of treatment response
Most common cancer side effect treatments (4)
nausea
vomiting
myelosuppresbsion
febrile neutropenia
Most common cancer side effect treatments (4)
nausea
vomiting
myelosuppression
febrile neutropenia
severe reduction in venous return form head, neck and upper extremity
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
Type of cancer that accounts majority of SVC syndrome
Lung cancer - elderlies
Lymphoma - young adults
True or False:
The prognosis of SVC syndrome relates to the underlying cause instead of caval obstruction
True
Treatment of SVC syndrome
Symptomatic: diuretics, O2 supplementation, low salt diet
Palliative: Stents
Tingling or electric sensation down the back and upper/lower limbs upon flexing or extending the neck
Lhermitte’s sign
May be an early sign of cord compression
Lhermitte’s sign
Compression of the spinal cord by an extradural tumor mass
Malignant spinal cord compression
Most common symptom of malignant spinal cord compression
localized back pain and tenderness exacerbated by movement, and coughing/sneezing
Signs of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (4)
Hyperuricemia
Hypocalcemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperkalemia
When do you start hemodialysis in tumor lysis syndrome? Please indicate labs:
Serum K >6
UA >10
Crea >10
Phosphate >10
or increasing symptomatic hypocalcemia
Signs of Hypocalcemia
“CATS”
C - convulsions
A - arrythmias
T - tetany
S - spasms and stridor
Standard preventive approach of tumor lysis syndrome
Hydration
Allopurinol
